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Classification of young stellar objects (YSOs) into different evolutionary stages helps us to understand the formation process of new stars and planetary systems. Such classification has traditionally been based on spectral energy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-05 Oskari Miettinen

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will produce unprecedentedly deep and wide photometric catalogs, enabling transformative studies of faint stellar systems such as the research of ultra-faint dwarf…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-06 M. Gatto , V. Ripepi , M. Bellazzini , C. Tortora , M. Dall'Ora

The upcoming commencement of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space of Time (LSST) will greatly enhance the discovery rate of interstellar objects (ISOs). `Oumuamua and Borisov were the first two ISOs confirmed in the Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

The future Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is expected to deliver its first data release in the current of 2025. The upcoming survey will provide us with images of galaxy clusters in the optical to the near-infrared, with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-18 Aline Chu , Ludvig Doeser , Simon Ding , Jens Jasche

Globular clusters (GCs) have been at the heart of many longstanding questions in many sub-fields of astronomy and, as such, systematic identification of GCs in external galaxies has immense impacts. In this study, we take advantage of M87's…

The previous decade saw the discovery of the first four known interstellar objects due to advances in astronomical viewing equipment. Future sky surveys with greater sensitivity will allow for more frequent detections of such objects,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-28 Carson Ezell , Abraham Loeb

The discovery of two interstellar objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, implies that a galactic population exists with a spatial number density of order $\sim0.1$ au$^{-3}$. The forthcoming Rubin Observatory…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-27 Dušan Marčeta , Darryl Z. Seligman

Thanks to the advances in robotic telescopes, the time domain astronomy leads to a large number of transient events detected in images every night. Data mining and machine learning tools used for object classification are presented. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-17 Martin Topinka

The recently discovered population of interstellar objects presents us with the opportunity to characterize material from extrasolar planetary and stellar systems up close. The forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Devin J. Hoover , Darryl Z. Seligman , Matthew J. Payne

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is due to commence the 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at the end of 2025. To detect transient/variable sources and identify solar system objects (SSOs), the processing pipelines require…

Most existing star-galaxy classifiers depend on the reduced information from catalogs, necessitating careful data processing and feature extraction. In this study, we employ a supervised machine learning method (GoogLeNet) to automatically…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-23 Shiliang Zhang , Guanwen Fang , Jie Song , Ran Li , Yizhou Gu , Zesen Lin , Chichun Zhou , Yao Dai , Xu Kong

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is expected to start the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in early to mid-2025. This multi-band wide-field synoptic survey will transform our view of the solar system, with the discovery and monitoring of…

The operation of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) marks a transformative moment in humanity's capacity to detect and characterize interstellar objects (ISOs). With projections indicating an increase…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-16 Omer Eldadi , Gershon Tenenbaum , Abraham Loeb

In modern astrophysics, the machine learning has increasingly gained more popularity with its incredibly powerful ability to make predictions or calculated suggestions for large amounts of data. We describe an application of the supervised…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-26 Yu Bai , JiFeng Liu , Song Wang , Fan Yang

Strong gravitationally lensed supernovae (LSNe) are rare but extremely valuable probes of cosmology and astrophysics. Prompt identification within the alert streams of time-domain surveys such as the Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Satadru Bag , Raoul Canameras , Sherry H. Suyu , Stefan Schuldt , Stefan Taubenberger , Irham Taufik Andika , Alejandra Melo , Ming Kei Chan

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will open a new observational window in the millihertz gravitational-wave band, enabling the detection of tens of thousands of compact stellar remnant binaries across the Milky Way. Most of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-09 Irwin Khai Cheng Tay , Valeriya Korol , Thibault Lechien

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will produce unprecedented volumes of heterogeneous astronomical data (images, catalogs, and alerts) that challenge traditional analysis pipelines. The LSST Dark Energy…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is expected to increase interstellar object (ISO) detections from a few over the past decade to potentially one per few months, demanding a systematic classification scheme. We present the Loeb Scale, formally…

Popular Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Omer Eldadi , Gershon Tenenbaum , Abraham Loeb

The development of the observing strategy for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) requires a broad optimization across science cases inside and outside of time-domain astronomy. We introduce a novel metric…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-16 Yu-Qian , Ouyang , Alex I. Malz , Ming Lian , Shar Daniels , Federica Bianco , Mathilda Nilsson

Development of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) includes a series of Data Challenges (DC) arranged by various LSST Scientific Collaborations (SC) that are taking place during the projects preoperational phase.…

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