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Operating 1.5 million km from Earth at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, the Origins Space Telescope equipped with a slightly modified version of its HERO heterodyne instrument could function as a uniquely valuable node in a VLBI network.…

We present the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), a mission that will produce the sharpest images in the history of astronomy by extending submillimeter Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to space. BHEX will discover and measure the bright…

We present the basic design of a large, light weight, spaceborne antenna for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (space-VLBI) mission, achieving high efficiency operation at mm/sub-mm wavelengths. An…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-02 T. K. Sridharan , R. Lehmensiek , D. Marrone , P. Cheimets , M. Freeman , P. Galison , J. Houston , M. Johnson , M. Silver

General relativity predicts that images of optically thin accretion flows around black holes should generically have a ``photon ring,'' composed of a series of increasingly sharp subrings that correspond to increasingly strongly lensed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-26 Paul Tiede , Michael D. Johnson , Dominic W. Pesce , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Dominic O. Chang , Peter Galison

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that aims to observe supermassive black holes with an angular resolution that is comparable to the event horizon scale. The South Pole occupies an…

We consider the black hole (BH) shadow images which can be restored by data processing and image recovery procedures in future space Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) missions. For Kerr BHs with masses and coordinates of SgrA*, M87*…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-26 E. V. Mikheeva , S. V. Repin , V. N. Lukash

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has significantly advanced our ability to study black holes, achieving unprecedented spatial resolution and revealing horizon-scale structures. Notably, these observations feature a distinctive dark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-22 Yifan Chen , Ran Ding , Yuxin Liu , Yosuke Mizuno , Jing Shu , Haiyue Yu , Yanjie Zeng

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global sub-millimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry array, is now resolving the innermost regions around the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87. Using black hole images from both…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Angelo Ricarte , Jason Dexter

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides a unique opportunity to probe the physics of supermassive black holes through Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), such as the existence of the event horizon, the accretion processes as well…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-12 Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , Dominik R. G. Schleicher , Neil Nagar , Fu-Guo Xie , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at millimeter (mm) wavelengths is being employed to resolve event-horizon scale structure of the environment surrounding the Milky-Way black hole, at an angular resolution of a few tens of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-09-05 Daniel J. D'Orazio , Abraham Loeb

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has imaged the shadow of the supermassive black hole in M87. A library of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GMRHD) models was fit to the observational data, providing constraints on black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-09 Freek Roelofs , Christian M. Fromm , Yosuke Mizuno , Jordy Davelaar , Michael Janssen , Ziri Younsi , Luciano Rezzolla , Heino Falcke

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter-wavelength, very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that is capable of observing black holes with horizon-scale resolution. Early observations have revealed variable…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-20 Junhan Kim , Daniel P. Marrone , Chi-kwan Chan , Lia Medeiros , Feryal Özel , Dimitrios Psaltis

High resolution imaging of supermassive black holes shadows is a direct way to verify the theory of general relativity at extreme gravity conditions. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at millimeter/sub-millimeter…

A long standing goal in astrophysics is to directly observe the immediate environment of a black hole with angular resolution comparable to the event horizon. Realizing this goal would open a new window on the study of General Relativity in…

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that has imaged the apparent shadows of the supermassive black holes M87* and Sagittarius A*. Polarimetric data from these observations contain…

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) provides the finest angular resolution of all astronomical observation techniques. However, observations with Earth-based instruments are approaching fundamental limits on angular resolution. These…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-14 Ben Hudson , Leonid I. Gurvits , Daniel Palumbo , Sara Issaoun , Hannah Rana

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has produced images of the plasma flow around the supermassive black holes in Sgr A* and M87* with a resolution comparable to the projected size of their event horizons. Observations with the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-15 Andrew Chael , Sara Issaoun , Dominic W. Pesce , Michael D. Johnson , Angelo Ricarte , Christian M. Fromm , Yosuke Mizuno

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) achieves the highest angular resolution in astronomy. VLBI measures corrupted Fourier components, known as visibilities. Reconstructing on-sky images from these visibilities is a challenging inverse…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-25 Paul Tiede , William Moses , Valentin Churavy , Michael D. Johnson , Dominic Pesce , Lindy Blackburn , Peter Galison

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration has successfully produced images of two supermassive black holes, enabling novel tests of black holes and their accretion flows on horizon scales. The EHT has so far published total intensity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-27 Angelo Ricarte , Michael D. Johnson , Yuri Y. Kovalev , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Razieh Emami

Black hole images obtained by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) by the Event Horizon Telescope are a new tool for testing general relativity in super-strong gravitational fields. These images demonstrated a ring-like structure which…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-06 S. V. Chernov , M. A. Shchurov , I. I. Bulygin , A. G. Rudnitskiy