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Quantum error correction (QEC) is believed to be essential for the realization of large-scale quantum computers. However, due to the complexity of operating on the encoded `logical' qubits, understanding the physical principles for building…

Practical quantum advantage is expected to depend on fault-tolerant quantum computing, although the architectural overhead needed to support fault tolerance is still extremely high. Prior FTQC designs generally emphasize either fast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Archisman Ghosh , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

An algorithm which encodes the $L\times L$ 2D toric code logical state with a circuit of depth $2L+1$, using only local controlled-NOT($CX$) and Hadamard($H$) gates, is presented.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Ivan H. C. Shum

We introduce transversal dimension jump, a code-switching protocol for lifted product (LP) quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes across different chain-complex dimensions, enabling universal fault-tolerant quantum computation with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Christine Li , John Preskill , Qian Xu

The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For CSS codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Kristan Temme

Lattice surgery protocols allow for the efficient implementation of universal gate sets with two-dimensional topological codes where qubits are constrained to interact with one another locally. In this work, we first introduce a decoder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 Christopher Chamberland , Earl T. Campbell

Quantum computation requires qubits that can be coupled and realized in a scalable manner, together with universal and high-fidelity one- and two-qubit logic gates \cite{DiVincenzo2000, Loss1998}. Strong effort across several fields have…

Quantum data locking is a quantum communication primitive that allows the use of a short secret key to encrypt a much longer message. It guarantees information-theoretical security against an adversary with limited quantum memory. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Zixin Huang , Pieter Kok , Cosmo Lupo

The realization of fault-tolerant quantum computation hinges on the ability to execute deep quantum circuits while maintaining gate fidelities consistently above error-correction thresholds. Although neutral-atom arrays have recently…

A universal quantum computing scheme, with a universal set of logical gates, is proposed based on networks of 1D quantum systems. The encoding of information is in terms of universal features of gapped phases, for which effective field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Dong-Sheng Wang

We analyze surface codes, the topological quantum error-correcting codes introduced by Kitaev. In these codes, qubits are arranged in a two-dimensional array on a surface of nontrivial topology, and encoded quantum operations are associated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Eric Dennis , Alexei Kitaev , Andrew Landahl , John Preskill

Reversible circuits find applications in many areas of Computer Science including Quantum Computation. This paper examines the testability of an important subclass of reversible logic circuits that are composed of k-wire controlled NOT…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-09-28 Avik Chakraborty

Color-code quantum computation seamlessly combines Majorana-based hardware with topological error correction. Specifically, as Clifford gates are transversal in two-dimensional color codes, they enable the use of the Majoranas' nonabelian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-09 Daniel Litinski , Felix von Oppen

We introduce STAR-magic mutation, an efficient protocol for implementing logical rotation gates on early fault-tolerant quantum computers. This protocol judiciously combines two of the latest state preparation protocols: transversal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Riki Toshio , Shota Kanasugi , Jun Fujisaki , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

For universal quantum computation, a major challenge to overcome for practical implementation is the large amount of resources required for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. An important aspect is implementing arbitrary unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Gary J. Mooney , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

A great deal of work has been done developing quantum codes with varying overhead and connectivity constraints. However, given the such an abundance of codes, there is a surprising shortage of fault-tolerant logical gates supported therein.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-17 Simon Burton , Elijah Durso-Sabina , Natalie C. Brown

Recent experimental advances have made it possible to implement logical multi-qubit transversal gates on surface codes in a multitude of platforms. A transversal controlled-NOT (tCNOT) gate on two surface codes introduces correlated errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Kaavya Sahay , Yingjia Lin , Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown , Shruti Puri

Random quantum circuits continue to inspire a wide range of applications in quantum information science and many-body quantum physics, while remaining analytically tractable through probabilistic methods. Motivated by an interest in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Grace M. Sommers , David A. Huse , Michael J. Gullans

We give three new algorithms for efficient in-place estimation, without using ancilla qubits, of average fidelity of a quantum logic gate acting on a d-dimensional system using much fewer random bits than what was known so far. Previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Aditya Nema , Pranab Sen

We utilize the symmetry groups of regular tessellations on two-dimensional surfaces of different constant curvatures, including spheres, Euclidean planes and hyperbolic planes, to encode a qubit or qudit into the physical degrees of freedom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Yixu Wang , Yijia Xu , Zi-Wen Liu