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A Hadamard-free Clifford transformation is a circuit composed of quantum Phase (P), CZ, and CNOT gates. It is known that such a circuit can be written as a three-stage computation, -P-CZ-CNOT-, where each stage consists only of gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-18 Dmitri Maslov , Willers Yang

Quantum computers can be protected from noise by encoding the logical quantum information redundantly into multiple qubits using error correcting codes. When manipulating the logical quantum states, it is imperative that errors caused by…

We take initial steps towards a general framework for constructing logical gates in general quantum CSS codes. Viewing CSS codes as cochain complexes, we observe that cohomology invariants naturally give rise to diagonal logical gates. We…

We investigate quantum circuits built from arbitrary single-qubit operations combined with programmable all-to-all multiqubit entangling gates that are native to, among other systems, trapped-ion quantum computing platforms. We report a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Jonathan Nemirovsky , Lee Peleg , Amit Ben Kish , Yotam Shapira

Qubits encoded in a decoherence-free subsystem and realized in exchange-coupled silicon quantum dots are promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Benefits of this approach include excellent coherence, low control…

The $[[7,1,3]]$ Steane code and $[[23,1,7]]$ quantum Golay code have been identified as good candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing via code concatenation. These two codes have transversal implementations of all Clifford gates, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Matthew Sullivan

We introduce a family of scalable planar fault-tolerant circuits that implement logical non-Clifford operations on a 2D color code, such as a logical $T$ gate or a logical non-Pauli measurement that prepares a magic $|T\rangle$ state. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Andreas Bauer , Julio C. Magdalena de la Fuente

We present a synthesis framework to map logic networks into quantum circuits for quantum computing. The synthesis framework is based on LUT networks (lookup-table networks), which play a key role in conventional logic synthesis.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-12 Mathias Soeken , Martin Roetteler , Nathan Wiebe , Giovanni De Micheli

Starting with an explicit framework for designing logical Clifford circuits for CSS codes, we construct logical gates for Hypergraph Product Codes. We first derive symplectic matrices for CNOT, CZ, Phase, and Hadamard operators, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Adway Patra , Alexander Barg

Distributed architectures are a route to scalable quantum computing, but the performance of fault-tolerant operations across noisy inter-module links remains poorly characterized. We present circuit-level simulations of two key distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 John Stack , Ming Wang , Frank Mueller

In order to achieve error rates necessary for advantageous quantum algorithms, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) will need to be employed, improving logical qubit fidelity beyond what can be achieved physically. As today's devices begin to…

IBM has made several quantum computers available to researchers around the world via cloud services. Two architectures with five qubits, one with 16, and one with 20 qubits are available to run experiments. The IBM architectures implement…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Gerhard W. Dueck , Anirban Pathak , Md Mazder Rahman , Abhishek Shukla , Anindita Banerjee

The development of prototype quantum information processors has progressed to a stage where small instances of logical qubit systems perform better than the best of their physical constituents. Advancing towards fault-tolerant quantum…

We design flexible fault tolerant gate gadgets that allow the data and the ancilla to be encoded using different codes. By picking a stabilizer code for the ancilla we are able to perform both Clifford and non-Clifford gates fault…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-19 Eric Kubischta , Ian Teixeira

Transversal gates on quantum error correction codes have been a promising approach for fault-tolerant quantum computing, but are limited by the Eastin-Knill no-go theorem. Existing solutions like gate teleportation and magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Yingkai Ouyang , Yumang Jing , Gavin K. Brennen

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

Quantum computers are expected to bring drastic acceleration to several computing tasks against classical computers. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, which have tens to hundreds of noisy physical qubits, are gradually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Yutaro Akahoshi , Kazunori Maruyama , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

We introduce a low-overhead approach for detecting errors in arbitrary Clifford circuits on arbitrary qubit connectivities. Our method is based on the framework of spacetime codes, and is particularly suited to near-term hardware since it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Simon Martiel , Ali Javadi-Abhari

The Clifford group plays a central role in quantum randomized benchmarking, quantum tomography, and error correction protocols. Here we study the structural properties of this group. We show that any Clifford operator can be uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-11 Sergey Bravyi , Dmitri Maslov

Identifying stabilizer codes that admit fault-tolerant implementations of the full logical Clifford group would significantly advance fault-tolerant quantum computation. Motivated by this goal, we study several classes of fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Aranya Chakraborty , Daniel Gottesman