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The undirected edge geography is a two-player combinatorial game on an undirected rooted graph. The players alternatively perform a move consisting of choosing an edge incident to the root vertex, removing the chosen edge, and marking the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-17 Tharit Sereekiatdilok , Panupong Vichitkunakorn

Coloring games are combinatorial games where the players alternate painting uncolored vertices of a graph one of $k > 0$ colors. Each different ruleset specifies that game's coloring constraints. This paper investigates six impartial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Gabriel Beaulieu , Kyle Burke , Eric Duchêne

Combinatorial two-player games have recently been applied to knot theory. Examples of this include the Knotting-Unknotting Game and the Region Unknotting Game, both of which are played on knot shadows. These are turn-based games played by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Adam Giambrone , Jake Murphy

Given a graph G and an integer k, two players take turns coloring the vertices of G one by one using k colors so that neighboring vertices get different colors. The first player wins iff at the end of the game all the vertices of $G$ are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Alan Frieze , Simi Haber , Mikhail Lavrov

Sprouts is a two-player topological game, invented in 1967 in the University of Cambridge by John Conway and Michael Paterson. The game starts with p spots, and ends in at most 3p-1 moves. The first player who cannot play loses. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-16 Julien Lemoine , Simon Viennot

In the game of Graph Nimors, two players alternately perform graph minor operations (deletion and contraction of edges) on a graph until no edges remain, at which point the player who last moved wins. We present theoretical and experimental…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-15 Matthew Skala

In this paper we study a variant of the solitaire game Lights-Out, where the player's goal is to turn off a grid of lights. This variant is a two-player impartial game where the goal is to make the final valid move. This version is playable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Eugene Fiorini , Maxwell Fogler , Katherine Levandosky , Bryan Lu , Jacob Porter , Andrew Woldar

A Subtraction-Division game is a two player combinatorial game with three parameters: a set S, a set D, and a number n. The game starts at n, and is a race to say the number 1. Each player, on their turn, can either move the total to n-s…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-05 Elizabeth Kupin

We present and analyze PackIt!, a turn-based game consisting of packing rectangles on an $n \times n$ grid. PackIt! can be easily played on paper, either as a competitive two-player game or in \emph{solitaire} fashion. On the $t$-th turn, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-17 Thomas Garrison , Marijn J. H. Heule , Bernardo Subercaseaux

We study the discrete Voronoi game, where two players alternately claim vertices of a graph for t rounds. In the end, the remaining vertices are divided such that each player receives the vertices that are closer to his or her claimed…

We start with the well-known game below: Two players hold a sheet of paper to their forehead on which a positive integer is written. The numbers are consecutive and each player can only see the number of the other one. In each time step,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-26 Felix Günther , Irina Mustata

We study the computational complexity of distance games, a class of combinatorial games played on graphs. A move consists of colouring an uncoloured vertex subject to it not being at certain distances determined by two sets, D and S. D is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Kyle Burke , Silvia Heubach , Melissa Huggan , Svenja Huntemann

At some places (see the references) Martin Erickson describes a certain game: "Two players alternately write O's (first player) and X's (second player) in the unoccupied cells of an n x n grid. The first player (if any) to occupy four cells…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Thomas Jenrich

We introduce a 2-player game played on an infinite grid, initially empty, where each player in turn chooses a vertex and colours it. The first player aims to create some pattern from a target set, while the second player aims to prevent it.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Benjamin Hellouin de Menibus , Rémi Pallen

String art is an arrangement of pegs on a board with thread strung between these pegs to form beautiful geometric patterns. In this article, we consider a simple form of string art where pegs are placed on two diverging axes, and segments…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Chaz Lebouthillier , Mateja Šajna

Triangular peg solitaire is a well-known one-person game or puzzle. When one peg captures many pegs consecutively, this is called a sweep. We investigate whether the game can end in a dramatic fashion, with one peg sweeping all remaining…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-04 George I. Bell

Connect Four is a two-player game where each player attempts to be the first to create a sequence of four of their pieces, arranged horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, by dropping pieces into the columns of a grid of width seven and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Robert Steele , Daniel B. Larremore

The domination game is played on a graph G. Vertices are chosen, one at a time, by two players Dominator and Staller. Each chosen vertex must enlarge the set of vertices of G dominated to that point in the game. Both players use an optimal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-14 Bostjan Bresar , Sandi Klavzar , Douglas F. Rall

Game coloring is a well-studied two-player game in which each player properly colors one vertex of a graph at a time until all the vertices are colored. An `eternal' version of game coloring is introduced in this paper in which the vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-17 William Klostermeyer , Hannah Mendoza

The essential requirement for a cubic graph to be called a snark is that it can not be edge-coloured with three colours. To avoid trivial cases, varying restrictions on the connectivity are imposed. Snarks are not only interesting in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Gunnar Brinkmann , Steven Van Overberghe