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Despite enjoying desirable efficiency and reduced reliance on domain expertise, existing neural methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) suffer from severe robustness issues -- their performance significantly deteriorates on clean…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jianan Zhou , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Jie Zhang , Zhiqi Shen

Autonomous motion planning is challenging in multi-obstacle environments due to nonconvex collision avoidance constraints. Directly applying numerical solvers to these nonconvex formulations fails to exploit the constraint structures,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Ruihua Han , Shuai Wang , Shuaijun Wang , Zeqing Zhang , Qianru Zhang , Yonina C. Eldar , Qi Hao , Jia Pan

We present an end-to-end framework for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) using reinforcement learning. In this approach, we train a single model that finds near-optimal solutions for problem instances sampled from a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Mohammadreza Nazari , Afshin Oroojlooy , Lawrence V. Snyder , Martin Takáč

Diffusion-based Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has demonstrated effectiveness in solving NP-complete (NPC) problems by learning discrete diffusion models for solution generation, eliminating hand-crafted domain knowledge. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Haoyu Lei , Kaiwen Zhou , Yinchuan Li , Zhitang Chen , Farzan Farnia

In the last decades, the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), i.e., assigning a set of orders to vehicles and planning their routes has been intensively researched. As only the assignment of order to vehicles and their routes is already…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Veronika Lesch , Maximilian König , Samuel Kounev , Anthony Stein , Christian Krupitzer

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem with broad applications in logistics and transportation. Real-world CVRPs often involve diverse objectives and complex constraints, such as time windows or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wen Wang , Xiangchen Wu , Liang Wang , Hao Hu , Xianping Tao

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge with broad applications in logistics and transportation. In this work, we present a quantum-assisted framework that integrates the Quantum Approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Talha Azfar , Osama Muhammad Raisuddin , Ruimin Ke , Jose Holguin-Veras

This paper investigates the cooperative planning and control problem for multiple connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in different scenarios. In the existing literature, most of the methods suffer from significant problems in computational…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Xiaoxue Zhang , Zilong Cheng , Jun Ma , Sunan Huang , Frank L. Lewis , Tong Heng Lee

The vehicle routing problem with two-dimensional loading constraints (2L-CVRP) and the last-in-first-out (LIFO) rule presents significant practical and algorithmic challenges. While numerous heuristic approaches have been proposed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yifan Xia , Xiangyi Zhang

This paper addresses the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) by comparing classical and quantum Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches. An Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) agent is implemented in classical, full quantum, and hybrid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Eva Andrés

The capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) is a challenging combinatorial optimisation problem abstracted from many real-world applications, such as waste collection, road gritting and mail delivery. However, few studies considered dynamic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Hao Tong , Leandro L. Minku , Stefan Menzel , Bernhard Sendhoff , Xin Yao

Finding the optimal solution is often the primary goal in combinatorial optimization (CO). However, real-world applications frequently require diverse solutions rather than a single optimum, particularly in two key scenarios. The first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-15 Yuma Ichikawa , Hiroaki Iwashita

In this paper, we evaluate the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve a classic combinatorial optimization problem: the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). We formalize this problem in the RL framework and compare two of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Leo Ardon

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) is an emerging domain where deep learning techniques are employed to address combinatorial optimization problems as a standalone solver. Despite their potential, existing NCO methods often suffer from…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andoni I. Garmendia , Quentin Cappart , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu

The constrained path optimization (CPO) problem takes the following input: (a) a road network represented as a directed graph, where each edge is associated with a "cost" and a "score" value; (b) a source-destination pair and; (c) a budget…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Kousik Kumar Dutta , Ankita Dewan , Venkata M. V. Gunturi

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically formulated using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO), where constraints are enforced through penalty terms that introduce auxiliary variables and rapidly increase Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Shashank Sanjay Bhat , Peiyong Wang , Joseph West , Udaya Parampalli

Robust trajectory optimization enables autonomous systems to operate safely under uncertainty by computing control policies that satisfy the constraints for all bounded disturbances. However, these problems often lead to large Second Order…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiawei Wang , Arshiya Taj Abdul , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based frameworks, featuring Transformer-style policy networks, have demonstrated their efficacy across various vehicle routing problem (VRP) variants. However, the application of these methods to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Arash Mozhdehi , Yunli Wang , Sun Sun , Xin Wang

There has never been a more exciting time for the future of quantum computing than now. Near-term quantum computing usage is now the next XPRIZE. With that challenge in mind we have explored a new approach as a hybrid quantum-classical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-04-23 James Holliday , Braeden Morgan , Hugh Churchill , Khoa Luu

Decentralized optimization, particularly the class of decentralized composite convex optimization (DCCO) problems, has found many applications. Due to ubiquitous communication congestion and random dropouts in practice, it is highly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-12 Changxin Liu , Zirui Zhou , Jian Pei , Yong Zhang , Yang Shi