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An \emph{equitable coloring} of a graph is a proper vertex coloring such that the sizes of every two color classes differ by at most 1. Chen, Lih, and Wu conjectured that every connected graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta \geq 2$ has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-05 Keaitsuda Nakprasit , Kittikorn Nakprasit

The Chen-Lih-Wu Conjecture states that each connected graph with maximum degree $\Delta\geq 3$ that is not the complete graph $K_{\Delta+1}$ or the complete bipartite graph $K_{\Delta,\Delta}$ admits an equitable coloring with $\Delta$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Alexandr Kostochka , Duo Lin , Zimu Xiang

An equitable $k$-coloring of a graph is a proper $k$-coloring where the sizes of any two different color classes differ by at most one. In 1973, Meyer conjectured that every connected graph $G$ has an equitable $k$-coloring for some $k\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Yangyang Cheng , Zhenyu Li , Wanting Sun , Guanghui Wang

An equitable coloring is a proper coloring of a graph such that the sizes of the color classes differ by at most one. A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable if there exists an equitable coloring of $G$ which uses $k$ colors, each one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-21 Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Michael J. Pelsmajer

An equitable coloring of a graph is a proper coloring where the sizes of any two different color classes do not differ by more than one. A graph is IC-planar if it can be drawn in the plane so that no two crossed edges have a common…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Weichan Liu

If $L$ is a list assignment of $r$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, then an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of vertices of $G$ from their lists such that no color is used more than $\lceil n/r\rceil$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-08 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

A proper vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic threshold $\chi_{eq}^*(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that $G$ is equitably $n$-colorable for all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Rong Luo , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , D. Christopher Stephens , Gexin Yu

A graph $G$ is said to be equitably $c$-colorable if its vertices can be partitioned into $c$ independent sets that pairwise differ in size by at most one. Chen, Lih, and Wu conjectured that every connected graph $G$ with maximum degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 James M. Shook

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most 1. The equitable chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi_=(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-02 Zhidan Yan , Wei Wang

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of all color classes differ by at most $1$. For a list assignment $L$ of $k$ colors to each vertex of an $n$-vertex graph $G$, an equitable $L$-coloring of $G$ is a proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

For a graph $G$, the \emph{equitable chromatic number} of $G$, denoted by $\chi_e(G)$, is the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a proper $k$-coloring whose color classes differ in size by at most one. We prove that for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Amir Nikabadi

A $q$-\emph{equitable coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper $q$-coloring such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In contrast with ordinary coloring, a graph may have an equitable $q$-coloring but has no equitable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-19 Keaitsuda Maneeruk Nakprasit , Kittikorn Nakprasit

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most 1. The equitable chromatic threshold of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi_=^*(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is equitably…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-10 Zhidan Yan , Wei Wang

Hajnal and Szemer\'{e}di proved that if $G$ is a finite graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, then for every integer $k \geqslant \Delta+1$, $G$ has a proper coloring with $k$ colors in which every two color classes differ in size at most by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Anton Bernshteyn , Clinton T. Conley

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi_=(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Zhidan Yan , Wei Wang

Let $r \geqslant 0$ and $k \geqslant 1$ be integers. We say that a graph $G$ has an $r$-equitable $k$-coloring if there exists a proper $k$-coloring of $G$ such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most $r$. The least $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-09 Chih-Hung Yen

For every $r\ge13$, we show every 1-planar graph $G$ with $\Delta(G)\le r$ has an equitable $r$-coloring.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-06 Daniel Cranston , Reem Mahmoud

An equitable tree-$k$-coloring of a graph is a vertex $k$-coloring such that each color class induces a forest and the size of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this work, we show that every interval graph $G$ has an equitable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Bei Niu , Bi Li , Xin Zhang

An equitable coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a (proper) vertex-coloring of $G$, such that the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this paper, we consider the equitable coloring problem in block graphs. Recall that the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Hanna Furmańczyk , Vahan Mkrtchyan

The {\em square} $G^2$ of a graph $G$ is the graph with the same vertex set as $G$ and with two vertices adjacent if their distance in $G$ is at most 2. Thomassen showed that every planar graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta(G)=3$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Daniel W. Cranston , Seog-Jin Kim
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