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We introduce Llama Guard, an LLM-based input-output safeguard model geared towards Human-AI conversation use cases. Our model incorporates a safety risk taxonomy, a valuable tool for categorizing a specific set of safety risks found in LLM…

As large language models (LLMs) move from research prototypes to enterprise systems, their security vulnerabilities pose serious risks to data privacy and system integrity. This study benchmarks various Llama model variants against the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Nourin Shahin , Izzat Alsmadi

We present TinyLlama, a compact 1.1B language model pretrained on around 1 trillion tokens for approximately 3 epochs. Building on the architecture and tokenizer of Llama 2, TinyLlama leverages various advances contributed by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Peiyuan Zhang , Guangtao Zeng , Tianduo Wang , Wei Lu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in text understanding and generation but raise significant safety and ethical concerns in high-stakes applications. To mitigate these risks, we present Libra-Guard, a cutting-edge safeguard system designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ziyang Chen , Huimu Yu , Xing Wu , Dongqin Liu , Songlin Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success across many domains, yet their integration into cybersecurity applications remains limited due to a lack of general-purpose cybersecurity data, representational complexity, and…

In this work, we introduce ChatQA 2, an Llama 3.0-based model with a 128K context window, designed to bridge the gap between open-source LLMs and leading proprietary models (e.g., GPT-4-Turbo-2024-04-09) in long context understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Peng Xu , Wei Ping , Xianchao Wu , Chejian Xu , Zihan Liu , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems are powered by foundation models. This paper presents a new set of foundation models, called Llama 3. It is a herd of language models that natively support multilinguality, coding, reasoning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Aaron Grattafiori , Abhimanyu Dubey , Abhinav Jauhri , Abhinav Pandey , Abhishek Kadian , Ahmad Al-Dahle , Aiesha Letman , Akhil Mathur , Alan Schelten , Alex Vaughan , Amy Yang , Angela Fan , Anirudh Goyal , Anthony Hartshorn , Aobo Yang , Archi Mitra , Archie Sravankumar , Artem Korenev , Arthur Hinsvark , Arun Rao , Aston Zhang , Aurelien Rodriguez , Austen Gregerson , Ava Spataru , Baptiste Roziere , Bethany Biron , Binh Tang , Bobbie Chern , Charlotte Caucheteux , Chaya Nayak , Chloe Bi , Chris Marra , Chris McConnell , Christian Keller , Christophe Touret , Chunyang Wu , Corinne Wong , Cristian Canton Ferrer , Cyrus Nikolaidis , Damien Allonsius , Daniel Song , Danielle Pintz , Danny Livshits , Danny Wyatt , David Esiobu , Dhruv Choudhary , Dhruv Mahajan , Diego Garcia-Olano , Diego Perino , Dieuwke Hupkes , Egor Lakomkin , Ehab AlBadawy , Elina Lobanova , Emily Dinan , Eric Michael Smith , Filip Radenovic , Francisco Guzmán , Frank Zhang , Gabriel Synnaeve , Gabrielle Lee , Georgia Lewis Anderson , Govind Thattai , Graeme Nail , Gregoire Mialon , Guan Pang , Guillem Cucurell , Hailey Nguyen , Hannah Korevaar , Hu Xu , Hugo Touvron , Iliyan Zarov , Imanol Arrieta Ibarra , Isabel Kloumann , Ishan Misra , Ivan Evtimov , Jack Zhang , Jade Copet , Jaewon Lee , Jan Geffert , Jana Vranes , Jason Park , Jay Mahadeokar , Jeet Shah , Jelmer van der Linde , Jennifer Billock , Jenny Hong , Jenya Lee , Jeremy Fu , Jianfeng Chi , Jianyu Huang , Jiawen Liu , Jie Wang , Jiecao Yu , Joanna Bitton , Joe Spisak , Jongsoo Park , Joseph Rocca , Joshua Johnstun , Joshua Saxe , Junteng Jia , Kalyan Vasuden Alwala , Karthik Prasad , Kartikeya Upasani , Kate Plawiak , Ke Li , Kenneth Heafield , Kevin Stone , Khalid El-Arini , Krithika Iyer , Kshitiz Malik , Kuenley Chiu , Kunal Bhalla , Kushal Lakhotia , Lauren Rantala-Yeary , Laurens van der Maaten , Lawrence Chen , Liang Tan , Liz Jenkins , Louis Martin , Lovish Madaan , Lubo Malo , Lukas Blecher , Lukas Landzaat , Luke de Oliveira , Madeline Muzzi , Mahesh Pasupuleti , Mannat Singh , Manohar Paluri , Marcin Kardas , Maria Tsimpoukelli , Mathew Oldham , Mathieu Rita , Maya Pavlova , Melanie Kambadur , Mike Lewis , Min Si , Mitesh Kumar Singh , Mona Hassan , Naman Goyal , Narjes Torabi , Nikolay Bashlykov , Nikolay Bogoychev , Niladri Chatterji , Ning Zhang , Olivier Duchenne , Onur Çelebi , Patrick Alrassy , Pengchuan Zhang , Pengwei Li , Petar Vasic , Peter Weng , Prajjwal Bhargava , Pratik Dubal , Praveen Krishnan , Punit Singh Koura , Puxin Xu , Qing He , Qingxiao Dong , Ragavan Srinivasan , Raj Ganapathy , Ramon Calderer , Ricardo Silveira Cabral , Robert Stojnic , Roberta Raileanu , Rohan Maheswari , Rohit Girdhar , Rohit Patel , Romain Sauvestre , Ronnie Polidoro , Roshan Sumbaly , Ross Taylor , Ruan Silva , Rui Hou , Rui Wang , Saghar Hosseini , Sahana Chennabasappa , Sanjay Singh , Sean Bell , Seohyun Sonia Kim , Sergey Edunov , Shaoliang Nie , Sharan Narang , Sharath Raparthy , Sheng Shen , Shengye Wan , Shruti Bhosale , Shun Zhang , Simon Vandenhende , Soumya Batra , Spencer Whitman , Sten Sootla , Stephane Collot , Suchin Gururangan , Sydney Borodinsky , Tamar Herman , Tara Fowler , Tarek Sheasha , Thomas Georgiou , Thomas Scialom , Tobias Speckbacher , Todor Mihaylov , Tong Xiao , Ujjwal Karn , Vedanuj Goswami , Vibhor Gupta , Vignesh Ramanathan , Viktor Kerkez , Vincent Gonguet , Virginie Do , Vish Vogeti , Vítor Albiero , Vladan Petrovic , Weiwei Chu , Wenhan Xiong , Wenyin Fu , Whitney Meers , Xavier Martinet , Xiaodong Wang , Xiaofang Wang , Xiaoqing Ellen Tan , Xide Xia , Xinfeng Xie , Xuchao Jia , Xuewei Wang , Yaelle Goldschlag , Yashesh Gaur , Yasmine Babaei , Yi Wen , Yiwen Song , Yuchen Zhang , Yue Li , Yuning Mao , Zacharie Delpierre Coudert , Zheng Yan , Zhengxing Chen , Zoe Papakipos , Aaditya Singh , Aayushi Srivastava , Abha Jain , Adam Kelsey , Adam Shajnfeld , Adithya Gangidi , Adolfo Victoria , Ahuva Goldstand , Ajay Menon , Ajay Sharma , Alex Boesenberg , Alexei Baevski , Allie Feinstein , Amanda Kallet , Amit Sangani , Amos Teo , Anam Yunus , Andrei Lupu , Andres Alvarado , Andrew Caples , Andrew Gu , Andrew Ho , Andrew Poulton , Andrew Ryan , Ankit Ramchandani , Annie Dong , Annie Franco , Anuj Goyal , Aparajita Saraf , Arkabandhu Chowdhury , Ashley Gabriel , Ashwin Bharambe , Assaf Eisenman , Azadeh Yazdan , Beau James , Ben Maurer , Benjamin Leonhardi , Bernie Huang , Beth Loyd , Beto De Paola , Bhargavi Paranjape , Bing Liu , Bo Wu , Boyu Ni , Braden Hancock , Bram Wasti , Brandon Spence , Brani Stojkovic , Brian Gamido , Britt Montalvo , Carl Parker , Carly Burton , Catalina Mejia , Ce Liu , Changhan Wang , Changkyu Kim , Chao Zhou , Chester Hu , Ching-Hsiang Chu , Chris Cai , Chris Tindal , Christoph Feichtenhofer , Cynthia Gao , Damon Civin , Dana Beaty , Daniel Kreymer , Daniel Li , David Adkins , David Xu , Davide Testuggine , Delia David , Devi Parikh , Diana Liskovich , Didem Foss , Dingkang Wang , Duc Le , Dustin Holland , Edward Dowling , Eissa Jamil , Elaine Montgomery , Eleonora Presani , Emily Hahn , Emily Wood , Eric-Tuan Le , Erik Brinkman , Esteban Arcaute , Evan Dunbar , Evan Smothers , Fei Sun , Felix Kreuk , Feng Tian , Filippos Kokkinos , Firat Ozgenel , Francesco Caggioni , Frank Kanayet , Frank Seide , Gabriela Medina Florez , Gabriella Schwarz , Gada Badeer , Georgia Swee , Gil Halpern , Grant Herman , Grigory Sizov , Guangyi , Zhang , Guna Lakshminarayanan , Hakan Inan , Hamid Shojanazeri , Han Zou , Hannah Wang , Hanwen Zha , Haroun Habeeb , Harrison Rudolph , Helen Suk , Henry Aspegren , Hunter Goldman , Hongyuan Zhan , Ibrahim Damlaj , Igor Molybog , Igor Tufanov , Ilias Leontiadis , Irina-Elena Veliche , Itai Gat , Jake Weissman , James Geboski , James Kohli , Janice Lam , Japhet Asher , Jean-Baptiste Gaya , Jeff Marcus , Jeff Tang , Jennifer Chan , Jenny Zhen , Jeremy Reizenstein , Jeremy Teboul , Jessica Zhong , Jian Jin , 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With ChatGPT as a representative, tons of companies have began to provide services based on large Transformers models. However, using such a service inevitably leak users' prompts to the model provider. Previous studies have studied secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ye Dong , Wen-jie Lu , Yancheng Zheng , Haoqi Wu , Derun Zhao , Jin Tan , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Tao Wei , Wenguang Chen

As transformer-based large language models (LLMs) increasingly permeate society, they have revolutionized domains such as software engineering, creative writing, and digital arts. However, their adoption in cybersecurity remains limited due…

Recently developed large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Llama have demonstrated impressive abilities, and even surpass human-level performance in several tasks. Despite their success, the resource-intensive demands of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jie Wu , Yufeng Zhu , Lei Shen , Xuqing Lu

Efficient on-device language models around 1 billion parameters are essential for powering low-latency AI applications on mobile and wearable devices. However, achieving strong performance in this model class, while supporting long context…

Batch data analytics is a growing application for Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs enable users to perform a wide range of natural language tasks, such as classification, entity extraction, and translation, over large datasets. However,…

Models like GPT-4o enable real-time interaction with large language models (LLMs) through speech, significantly enhancing user experience compared to traditional text-based interaction. However, there is still a lack of exploration on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qingkai Fang , Shoutao Guo , Yan Zhou , Zhengrui Ma , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Llama 2-Chat is a collection of large language models that Meta developed and released to the public. While Meta fine-tuned Llama 2-Chat to refuse to output harmful content, we hypothesize that public access to model weights enables bad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Pranav Gade , Simon Lermen , Charlie Rogers-Smith , Jeffrey Ladish

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into critical systems in industries like healthcare and finance. Users can often submit queries to LLM-enabled chatbots, some of which can enrich responses with information retrieved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sayon Palit , Daniel Woods

To train large models (like BERT and GPT-3) on hundreds of GPUs, communication has become a major bottleneck, especially on commodity systems with limited-bandwidth TCP network. On one side large batch-size optimization such as LAMB…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Conglong Li , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Hanlin Tang , Samyam Rajbhandari , Yuxiong He

Large language models (LLMs) are now highly capable at a diverse range of tasks. This paper studies whether or not GPT-4, one such LLM, is capable of assisting researchers in the field of adversarial machine learning. As a case study, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nicholas Carlini

The growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has influenced the development of Small Language Models (SLMs) for on-device deployment across smartphones and edge devices, offering enhanced privacy, reduced latency, server-free…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Kalyan Nakka , Jimmy Dani , Ausmit Mondal , Nitesh Saxena

Large model inference is shifting from cloud to edge due to concerns about the privacy of user interaction data. However, edge devices often struggle with limited computing power, memory, and bandwidth, requiring collaboration across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Zonghang Li , Wenjiao Feng , Mohsen Guizani , Hongfang Yu

Language models have shown effectiveness in a variety of software applications, particularly in tasks related to automatic workflow. These models possess the crucial ability to call functions, which is essential in creating AI agents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li
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