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Diffusion models excel in generating images that closely resemble their training data but are also susceptible to data memorization, raising privacy, ethical, and legal concerns, particularly in sensitive domains such as medical imaging. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Raman Dutt , Ondrej Bohdal , Pedro Sanchez , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Timothy Hospedales

Adversarial purification is one of the promising approaches to defend neural networks against adversarial attacks. Recently, methods utilizing diffusion probabilistic models have achieved great success for adversarial purification in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mingkun Zhang , Jianing Li , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

In this work, we study the generalizability of diffusion models by looking into the hidden properties of the learned score functions, which are essentially a series of deep denoisers trained on various noise levels. We observe that as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiang Li , Yixiang Dai , Qing Qu

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in Text-to-Image generation tasks, leading to the development of many commercial models. However, recent studies have reported that diffusion models often generate replicated images in train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chunsan Hong , Tae-Hyun Oh , Minhyuk Sung

Customizing diffusion models to generate identity-preserving images from user-provided reference images is an intriguing new problem. The prevalent approaches typically require training on extensive domain-specific images to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Zhicheng Sun , Zhenhao Yang , Yang Jin , Haozhe Chi , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Hao Jiang , Yang Song , Kun Gai , Yadong Mu

Recent work on diffusion models proposed that they operate in two regimes: memorization, in which models reproduce their training data, and generalization, in which they generate novel samples. While this has been tested in high-noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Elizabeth Pavlova , Xue-Xin Wei

The primary axes of interest in image-generating diffusion models are image quality, the amount of variation in the results, and how well the results align with a given condition, e.g., a class label or a text prompt. The popular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Tero Karras , Miika Aittala , Tuomas Kynkäänniemi , Jaakko Lehtinen , Timo Aila , Samuli Laine

Recent advancements in diffusion and flow-matching models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in high-fidelity image synthesis. A prominent line of research involves reward-guided guidance, which steers the generation process during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jinho Chang , Jaemin Kim , Jong Chul Ye

A persistent challenge in generative audio models is data replication, where the model unintentionally generates parts of its training data during inference. In this work, we address this issue in text-to-audio diffusion models by exploring…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Francisco Messina , Francesca Ronchini , Luca Comanducci , Paolo Bestagini , Fabio Antonacci

Diffusion models excel at generating high-quality, diverse images but suffer from training data memorization, raising critical privacy and safety concerns. Data unlearning has emerged to mitigate this issue by removing the influence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qitan Shi , Cheng Jin , Jiawei Zhang , Yuantao Gu

Diffusion models learn to denoise data and the trained denoiser is then used to generate new samples from the data distribution. In this paper, we revisit the diffusion sampling process and identify a fundamental cause of sample quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yunshu Wu , Yingtao Luo , Xianghao Kong , Evangelos E. Papalexakis , Greg Ver Steeg

As diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) are being employed as mainstream models for generative artificial intelligence (AI), the study of their memorization of the raw training data has attracted growing attention. Existing works in this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yunhao Chen , Xingjun Ma , Difan Zou , Yu-Gang Jiang

In this work, we investigate an intriguing and prevalent phenomenon of diffusion models which we term as "consistent model reproducibility": given the same starting noise input and a deterministic sampler, different diffusion models often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Huijie Zhang , Jinfan Zhou , Yifu Lu , Minzhe Guo , Peng Wang , Liyue Shen , Qing Qu

Classifier guidance is intended to steer a diffusion process such that a given classifier reliably recognizes the generated data point as a certain class. However, most classifier guidance approaches are restricted to robust classifiers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Philipp Vaeth , Dibyanshu Kumar , Benjamin Paassen , Magda Gregorová

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling. At the heart of the methodology is score matching: learning gradients of families of log-densities for noisy versions of the data distribution at different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Ricardo Baptista , Agnimitra Dasgupta , Nikola B. Kovachki , Assad Oberai , Andrew M. Stuart

Text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in creating images highly aligned with user prompts, yet their proclivity for memorizing training set images has sparked concerns about the originality of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Chen Chen , Daochang Liu , Mubarak Shah , Chang Xu

Denoising score matching plays a pivotal role in the performance of diffusion-based generative models. However, the empirical optimal score--the exact solution to the denoising score matching--leads to memorization, where generated samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-07 Yu-Han Wu , Pierre Marion , Gérard Biau , Claire Boyer

The proliferation of diffusion models trained on web-scale, provenance-uncertain image collections has made it essential, yet technically unresolved, to determine whether a model has learned from specific copyrighted data without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Muxing Li , Zesheng Ye , Sharon Li , Andy Song , Guangquan Zhang , Feng Liu

Denoising diffusion models have emerged as a dominant approach for image generation, however they still suffer from slow convergence in training and color shift issues in sampling. In this paper, we identify that these obstacles can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Hu Yu , Li Shen , Jie Huang , Hongsheng Li , Feng Zhao

Image restoration tasks like deblurring, denoising, and dehazing usually need distinct models for each degradation type, restricting their generalization in real-world scenarios with mixed or unknown degradations. In this work, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenyang Luo , Haina Qin , Zewen Chen , Libin Wang , Dandan Zheng , Yuming Li , Yufan Liu , Bing Li , Weiming Hu