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Due to their capacity to generate novel and high-quality samples, diffusion models have attracted significant research interest in recent years. Notably, the typical training objective of diffusion models, i.e., denoising score matching,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Xiangming Gu , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Chongxuan Li , Min Lin , Ye Wang

Images generated by diffusion models like Stable Diffusion are increasingly widespread. Recent works and even lawsuits have shown that these models are prone to replicating their training data, unbeknownst to the user. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Gowthami Somepalli , Vasu Singla , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Text-to-image diffusion models have achieved unprecedented proficiency in generating realistic images. However, their inherent tendency to memorize and replicate training data during inference raises significant concerns, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Chen Chen , Daochang Liu , Mubarak Shah , Chang Xu

Memorization in large-scale text-to-image diffusion models poses significant security and intellectual property risks, enabling adversarial attribute extraction and the unauthorized reproduction of sensitive or proprietary features. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Divya Kothandaraman , Jaclyn Pytlarz

Diffusion models excel at generating high-quality, diverse samples, yet they risk memorizing training data when overfit to the training objective. We analyze the distinctions between memorization and generalization in diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zekai Zhang , Xiao Li , Xiang Li , Lianghe Shi , Meng Wu , Molei Tao , Qing Qu

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of generative tasks. A key challenge is understanding the mechanisms that prevent their memorization of training data and allow generalization. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Tony Bonnaire , Raphaël Urfin , Giulio Biroli , Marc Mézard

Diffusion models, known for their tremendous ability to generate high-quality samples, have recently raised concerns due to their data memorization behavior, which poses privacy risks. Recent methods for memory mitigation have primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Xiaoliu Guan , Yu Wu , Huayang Huang , Xiao Liu , Jiaxu Miao , Yi Yang

We introduce GUIDE, a novel continual learning approach that directs diffusion models to rehearse samples at risk of being forgotten. Existing generative strategies combat catastrophic forgetting by randomly sampling rehearsal examples from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Bartosz Cywiński , Kamil Deja , Tomasz Trzciński , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Łukasz Kuciński

This position paper argues that understanding generalization in diffusion models requires fundamentally new theoretical frameworks that go beyond both classical statistical learning theory and the benign overfitting paradigm developed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Pierre Marion , Yu-Han Wu

Training deep neural networks has become a common approach for addressing image restoration problems. An alternative for training a "task-specific" network for each observation model is to use pretrained deep denoisers for imposing only the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-16 Tomer Garber , Tom Tirer

Text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in rapid and high-fidelity personalization, even when provided with only a few user images. However, the effectiveness of personalization techniques has lead to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Naresh Kumar Devulapally , Shruti Agarwal , Tejas Gokhale , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande

Adding additional control to pretrained diffusion models has become an increasingly popular research area, with extensive applications in computer vision, reinforcement learning, and AI for science. Recently, several studies have proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yifei Shen , Xinyang Jiang , Yezhen Wang , Yifan Yang , Dongqi Han , Dongsheng Li

Diffusion models generate high-quality samples but can also memorize training data, raising serious privacy concerns. Understanding the mechanisms governing when memorization versus generalization occurs remains an active area of research.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Nick Dodson , Xinyu Gao , Qingsong Wang , Yusu Wang , Zhengchao Wan

Diffusion-based models, such as the Stable Diffusion model, have revolutionized text-to-image synthesis with their ability to produce high-quality, high-resolution images. These advancements have prompted significant progress in image…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Ali Naseh , Jaechul Roh , Amir Houmansadr

Diffusion-based image generative models produce high-fidelity images through iterative denoising but remain vulnerable to memorization, where they unintentionally reproduce exact copies or parts of training images. Recent memorization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Rohan Asthana , Vasileios Belagiannis

Classifier guidance is a recently introduced method to trade off mode coverage and sample fidelity in conditional diffusion models post training, in the same spirit as low temperature sampling or truncation in other types of generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Jonathan Ho , Tim Salimans

Diffusion models, widely used for image and video generation, face a significant limitation: the risk of memorizing and reproducing training data during inference, potentially generating unauthorized copyrighted content. While prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Chen Chen , Enhuai Liu , Daochang Liu , Mubarak Shah , Chang Xu

There is growing concern over the safety of powerful diffusion models (DMs), as they are often misused to produce inappropriate, not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content or generate copyrighted material or data of individuals who wish to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mingyu Kim , Dongjun Kim , Amman Yusuf , Stefano Ermon , Mijung Park

While diffusion models generate high-quality images via probability flow, the theoretical understanding of this process remains incomplete. A key question is when probability flow converges to training samples or more general points on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-25 Chen Zeno , Hila Manor , Greg Ongie , Nir Weinberger , Tomer Michaeli , Daniel Soudry

Diffusion models can unintentionally memorize training samples, raising concerns about privacy and copyright. While recent methods can detect memorization, they often rely on global or model-specific signals and provide limited insight into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gwangho Kim , Sungyoon Lee