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This chapter provides an extended overview about Reduced Order Models (ROMs), with a focus on their features in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In particular, the aim is to browse the more common ROM frameworks, considering both intrusive…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Pierfrancesco Siena , Paquale Claudio Africa , Michele Girfoglio , Gianluigi Rozza

Model order reduction (MOR) methods that are designed to preserve structural features of a given full order model (FOM) often suffer from a lower accuracy when compared to their non-structure-preserving counterparts. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Paul Schwerdtner , Matthias Voigt

We propose a calibrated filtered reduced order model (CF-ROM) framework for the numerical simulation of general nonlinear PDEs that are amenable to reduced order modeling. The novel CF-ROM framework consists of two steps: (i) In the first…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-02-23 X. Xie , M. Mohebujjaman , L. G. Rebholz , T. Iliescu

An adaptive approach to using reduced-order models as surrogates in PDE-constrained optimization is introduced that breaks the traditional offline-online framework of model order reduction. A sequence of optimization problems constrained by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-07-30 Matthew J. Zahr , Charbel Farhat

We consider low-order controller design for large-scale linear time-invariant dynamical systems with inputs and outputs. Model order reduction is a popular technique, but controllers designed for reduced-order models may result in unstable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-20 Peter Benner , Tim Mitchell , Michael L. Overton

The goal of this paper is to assess the utility of Reduced-Order Models (ROMs) developed from 3D physics-based models for predicting transient thermal power output for an enhanced geothermal reservoir while explicitly accounting for…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-06-18 M. K. Mudunuru , S. Karra , D. R. Harp , G. D. Guthrie , H. S. Viswanathan

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death in the world, driving the development of patient-specific and benchmark models for blood flow analysis. This chapter provides a theoretical overview of the main categories of Reduced…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Pierfrancesco Siena , Pasquale Claudio Africa , Michele Girfoglio , Gianluigi Rozza

Reduced Order Models (ROMs) have been regarded as an efficient alternative to conventional high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for accelerating the design and optimization processes in engineering applications. Many industrial…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Shenhui Ruan , Andreas G. Class , Gianluigi Rozza

Reduced Order Modelling (ROM) has been widely used to create lower order, computationally inexpensive representations of higher-order dynamical systems. Using these representations, ROMs can efficiently model flow fields while using…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-10-13 Pranshu Pant , Ruchit Doshi , Pranav Bahl , Amir Barati Farimani

POD--Galerkin reduced-order models (ROMs) for fluid-structure interaction problems (incompressible fluid and thin structure) are proposed in this paper. Both the high-fidelity and reduced-order methods are based on a Chorin-Temam…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-11-30 Francesco Ballarin , Gianluigi Rozza , Yvon Maday

Hamiltonian operator inference has been developed in [Sharma, H., Wang, Z., Kramer, B., Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 431, p.133122, 2022] to learn structure-preserving reduced-order models (ROMs) for Hamiltonian systems. The method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Yuwei Geng , Lili Ju , Boris Kramer , Zhu Wang

Partitioned methods allow one to build a simulation capability for coupled problems by reusing existing single-component codes. In so doing, partitioned methods can shorten code development and validation times for multiphysics and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Amy de Castro , Paul Kuberry , Irina Tezaur , Pavel Bochev

We address the design of a model predictive control (MPC) scheme for large-scale linear systems using reduced-order models (ROMs). Our approach uses a ROM, leverages tools from robust control, and integrates them into an MPC framework to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Johannes Köhler , Carlo Scholz , Melanie Zeilinger

Digital twins have emerged as a key technology for optimizing the performance of engineering products and systems. High-fidelity numerical simulations constitute the backbone of engineering design, providing an accurate insight into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-28 G. I. Drakoulas , T. V. Gortsas , G. C. Bourantas , V. N. Burganos , D. Polyzos

Although projection-based reduced-order models (ROMs) for parameterized nonlinear dynamical systems have demonstrated exciting results across a range of applications, their broad adoption has been limited by their intrusivity: implementing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Zhe Bai , Liqian Peng

Reduced order models (ROMs) are computational models whose dimension is significantly lower than those obtained through classical numerical discretizations (e.g., finite element, finite difference, finite volume, or spectral methods). Thus,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-03 Changhong Mou , Zhu Wang , David R. Wells , Xuping Xie , Traian Iliescu

Characterizing and controlling nonlinear, multi-scale phenomena play important roles in science and engineering. Cluster-based reduced-order modeling (CROM) was introduced to exploit the underlying low-dimensional dynamics of complex…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-01-03 Eurika Kaiser , Marek Morzynski , Guillaume Daviller , J Nathan Kutz , Bingni W Brunton , Steven L Brunton

This paper deals with the development of a Reduced-Order Model (ROM) to investigate haemodynamics in cardiovascular applications. It employs the use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) for the computation of the basis functions and the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Pierfrancesco Siena , Pasquale Claudio Africa , Michele Girfoglio , Gianluigi Rozza

Simulating fluid flows in different virtual scenarios is of key importance in engineering applications. However, high-fidelity, full-order models relying, e.g., on the finite element method, are unaffordable whenever fluid flows must be…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-11-24 Stefania Fresca , Andrea Manzoni

We generate data-driven reduced order models (ROMs) for inversion of the one and two dimensional Schr\"odinger equation in the spectral domain given boundary data at a few frequencies. The ROM is the Galerkin projection of the Schr\"odinger…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Liliana Borcea , Vladimir Druskin , Alexander V. Mamonov , Shari Moskow , Mikhail Zaslavsky