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Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a trained classifier using online unlabeled test data only, without any information related to the training procedure. Most existing TTA methods adapt the trained classifier using the classifier's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Minguk Jang , Sae-Young Chung , Hye Won Chung

It is a well-known fact that the performance of deep learning models deteriorates when they encounter a distribution shift at test time. Test-time adaptation (TTA) algorithms have been proposed to adapt the model online while inferring test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jayeon Yoo , Dongkwan Lee , Inseop Chung , Donghyun Kim , Nojun Kwak

Fine-tuning on task-specific question-answer pairs is a predominant method for enhancing the performance of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, in certain specialized domains, such as healthcare or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shuyang Jiang , Yusheng Liao , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a viable solution to adapt pre-trained models to domain shifts using unlabeled test data. However, TTA faces challenges of adaptation failures due to its reliance on blind adaptation to unknown test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot capabilities but often fail to generalize under distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) allows models to update at inference time without labeled data, typically via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Marc Lafon , Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , Clément Rambour , Christian Desrosier , Nicolas Thome

Test-time alignment (TTA) aims to adapt models to specific rewards during inference. However, existing methods tend to either under-optimise or over-optimise (reward hack) the target reward function. We propose Null-Text Test-Time Alignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Taehoon Kim , Henry Gouk , Timothy Hospedales

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

A robot's deployment environment often involves perceptual changes that differ from what it has experienced during training. Standard practices such as data augmentation attempt to bridge this gap by augmenting source images in an effort to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Takuma Yoneda , Ge Yang , Matthew R. Walter , Bradly Stadie

Existing video highlight detection methods, although advanced, struggle to generalize well to all test videos. These methods typically employ a generic highlight detection model for each test video, which is suboptimal as it fails to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zahidul Islam , Sujoy Paul , Mrigank Rochan

Test-time adaptation has proven effective in adapting a given trained model to unseen test samples with potential distribution shifts. However, in real-world scenarios, models are usually deployed on resource-limited devices, e.g., FPGAs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Shuaicheng Niu , Chunyan Miao , Guohao Chen , Pengcheng Wu , Peilin Zhao

Vision-Language Models seamlessly discriminate among arbitrary semantic categories, yet they still suffer from poor generalization when presented with challenging examples. For this reason, Episodic Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) strategies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Matteo Farina , Gianni Franchi , Giovanni Iacca , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci

Current visual detectors, though impressive within their training distribution, often fail to parse out-of-distribution scenes into their constituent entities. Recent test-time adaptation methods use auxiliary self-supervised losses to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Mihir Prabhudesai , Anirudh Goyal , Sujoy Paul , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi , Gaurav Aggarwal , Thomas Kipf , Deepak Pathak , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a fundamental task in computer vision and natural language process fields. Although the ``pre-training & finetuning'' learning paradigm significantly improves the VQA performance, the adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ziyi Yin , Muchao Ye , Tianrong Zhang , Jiaqi Wang , Han Liu , Jinghui Chen , Ting Wang , Fenglong Ma

We consider the problem of improving the human instance segmentation mask quality for a given test image using keypoints estimation. We compare two alternative approaches. The first approach is a test-time adaptation (TTA) method, where we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Kambiz Azarian , Debasmit Das , Hyojin Park , Fatih Porikli

Test-time prompt tuning for vision-language models (VLMs) is getting attention because of their ability to learn with unlabeled data without fine-tuning. Although test-time prompt tuning methods for VLMs can boost accuracy, the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ashshak Sharifdeen , Muhammad Akhtar Munir , Sanoojan Baliah , Salman Khan , Muhammad Haris Khan

Vision-language-action (VLA) models achieve strong in-distribution performance but degrade sharply under novel camera viewpoints and visual perturbations. We show that this brittleness primarily arises from misalignment in Spatial Modeling,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Weiqi Li , Quande Zhang , Ruifeng Zhai , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

It has recently been discovered that using a pre-trained vision-language model (VLM), e.g., CLIP, to align a whole query image with several finer text descriptions generated by a large language model can significantly enhance zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jinhao Li , Haopeng Li , Sarah Erfani , Lei Feng , James Bailey , Feng Liu

Adapter-style efficient transfer learning (ETL) has shown excellent performance in the tuning of vision-language models (VLMs) under the low-data regime, where only a few additional parameters are introduced to excavate the task-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Xin Li , Dongze Lian , Zhihe Lu , Jiawang Bai , Zhibo Chen , Xinchao Wang

Recently, Miller et al. (2021) and Baek et al. (2022) empirically demonstrated strong linear correlations between in-distribution (ID) versus out-of-distribution (OOD) accuracy and agreement. These trends, coined accuracy-on-the-line (ACL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Eungyeup Kim , Mingjie Sun , Christina Baek , Aditi Raghunathan , J. Zico Kolter

While text-to-image (T2I) generation models have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, existing evaluation methodologies for vision-language alignment still struggle with the fine-grained semantic matching. Current approaches based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Zijian Zhang , Xuhui Zheng , Xuecheng Wu , Chong Peng , Xuezhi Cao
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