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We study a Stackelberg variant of the classical discrete-time Dynkin game, in which Player 1 (the leader) commits to a stopping strategy first and Player 2 (the follower) responds optimally. This leader-follower structure induces an optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Jingjie Zhang , Zhou Zhou

Existing alignment methods directly use the reward model learned from user preference data to optimize an LLM policy, subject to KL regularization with respect to the base policy. This practice is suboptimal for maximizing user's utility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haichuan Wang , Tao Lin , Lingkai Kong , Ce Li , Hezi Jiang , Milind Tambe

Understanding and resolving cooperation dilemmas are key challenges in evolutionary game theory, which have revealed several mechanisms to address them. This paper investigates the comprehensive influence of multiple reputation-related…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-10 Kai Xie , Attila Szolnoki

We study the problem of online learning in Stackelberg games with side information between a leader and a sequence of followers. In every round the leader observes contextual information and commits to a mixed strategy, after which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Maria-Florina Balcan , Martino Bernasconi , Matteo Castiglioni , Andrea Celli , Keegan Harris , Zhiwei Steven Wu

We develop an analytical Stackelberg game framework for optimal resource allocation in a sequential attacker--defender setting with a finite set of assets and probabilistic attacks. The defender commits to a mixed protection strategy, after…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Azhar Iqbal , James M. Chappell , Derek Abbott

In this paper, the two-player leader-follower game with private inputs for feedback Stackelberg strategy is considered. In particular, the follower shares its measurement information with the leader except its historical control inputs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Yue Sun , Hongdan Li , Huanshui Zhang

We initiate the study of structured Stackelberg games, a novel form of strategic interaction between a leader and a follower where contextual information can be predictive of the follower's (unknown) type. Motivated by applications such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Maria-Florina Balcan , Kiriaki Fragkia , Keegan Harris

The Stackelberg game model, where a leader commits to a strategy and the follower best responds, has found widespread application, particularly to security problems. In the security setting, the goal is for the leader to compute an optimal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Sai Mali Ananthanarayanan , Christian Kroer

Routing games are used to to understand the impact of individual users' decisions on network efficiency. Most prior work on routing games uses a simplified model of network flow where all flow exists simultaneously, and users care about…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Umang Bhaskar , Lisa Fleischer , Elliot Anshelevich

Two-player mean-payoff Stackelberg games are nonzero-sum infinite duration games played on a bi-weighted graph by Leader (Player 0) and Follower (Player 1). Such games are played sequentially: first, Leader announces her strategy, second,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-04 Mrudula Balachander , Shibashis Guha , Jean-François Raskin

From a perspective of designing or engineering for opinion formation games in social networks, the "opinion maximization (or minimization)" problem has been studied mainly for designing subset selecting algorithms. We define a two-player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Po-An Chen , Chi-Jen Lu , Chuang-Chieh Lin , Ke-Wei Fu

We study a Stackelberg game to examine how two agents determine to cooperate while competing with each other. Each selects an arrival time to a destination, the earlier one fetching a higher reward. There is, however, an inherent penalty in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Chenlan Wang , Mehrdad Moharrami , Mingyan Liu

Some social networks provide explicit mechanisms to allocate social rewards such as reputation based on user activity, while the mechanism is more opaque in other networks. Nonetheless, there are always individuals who obtain greater…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Yuxin Xiao , Adit Krishnan , Hari Sundaram

We study a multi-player one-round game termed Stackelberg Network Pricing Game, in which a leader can set prices for a subset of $m$ priceable edges in a graph. The other edges have a fixed cost. Based on the leader's decision one or more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-02-21 Patrick Briest , Martin Hoefer , Piotr Krysta

We study limited strategic leadership. A collection of subsets covering the leader's action space determines her commitment opportunities. We characterize the outcomes resulting from all possible commitment structures of this kind. If the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-02-20 Jacopo Bizzotto , Toomas Hinnosaar , Adrien Vigier

We study online learning in Bayesian Stackelberg games, where a leader repeatedly interacts with a follower whose unknown private type is independently drawn at each round from an unknown probability distribution. The goal is to design…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Matteo Bollini , Francesco Bacchiocchi , Samuel Coutts , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi

Trajectory guidance requires a leader robotic agent to assist a follower robotic agent to cooperatively reach the target destination. However, planning cooperation becomes difficult when the leader serves a family of different followers and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuhan Zhao , Quanyan Zhu

Game-theoretic inverse learning is the problem of inferring a player's objectives from their actions. We formulate an inverse learning problem in a Stackelberg game between a leader and a follower, where each player's action is the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-15 William Ward , Yue Yu , Jacob Levy , Negar Mehr , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

Autocurricular training is an important sub-area of multi-agent reinforcement learning~(MARL) that allows multiple agents to learn emergent skills in an unsupervised co-evolving scheme. The robotics community has experimented autocurricular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Boling Yang , Liyuan Zheng , Lillian J. Ratliff , Byron Boots , Joshua R. Smith

As predictive models are deployed into the real world, they must increasingly contend with strategic behavior. A growing body of work on strategic classification treats this problem as a Stackelberg game: the decision-maker "leads" in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Tijana Zrnic , Eric Mazumdar , S. Shankar Sastry , Michael I. Jordan