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Related papers: ToxiLab: How Well Do Open-Source LLMs Generate Syn…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have democratized synthetic data generation, which in turn has the potential to simplify and broaden a wide gamut of NLP tasks. Here, we tackle a pervasive problem in synthetic data generation: its generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Veniamin Veselovsky , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Akhil Arora , Martin Josifoski , Ashton Anderson , Robert West

Collecting high-quality training data is essential for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs). However, acquiring such data is often costly and time-consuming, especially for non-English languages such as Italian. Recently, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Fatemeh Mohammadi , Tommaso Romano , Samira Maghool , Paolo Ceravolo

Insider threats wield an outsized influence on organizations, disproportionate to their small numbers. This is due to the internal access insiders have to systems, information, and infrastructure. %One example of this influence is where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Haywood Gelman , John D. Hastings

Training large language models (LLMs) for external tool usage is a rapidly expanding field, with recent research focusing on generating synthetic data to address the shortage of available data. However, the absence of systematic data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Shadi Iskander , Nachshon Cohen , Zohar Karnin , Ori Shapira , Sofia Tolmach

Large Language Models (LLMs) raise concerns about lowering the cost of generating texts that could be used for unethical or illegal purposes, especially on social media. This paper investigates the promise of such models to help enforce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Thales Bertaglia , Lily Heisig , Rishabh Kaushal , Adriana Iamnitchi

The reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) play a critical role in many downstream tasks, yet depend strongly on the quality of training data. Despite various proposed data construction methods, their practical utility in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yike Zhao , Simin Guo , Ziqing Yang , Shifan Han , Dahua Lin , Fei Tan

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable when trained on datasets containing harmful content, which leads to potential jailbreaking attacks in two scenarios: the integration of harmful texts within crowdsourced data used for pre-training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

In the pursuit of developing Large Language Models (LLMs) that adhere to societal standards, it is imperative to detect the toxicity in the generated text. The majority of existing toxicity metrics rely on encoder models trained on specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Hyukhun Koh , Dohyung Kim , Minwoo Lee , Kyomin Jung

Large Language Models (LLM) have made remarkable progress, but concerns about potential biases and harmful content persist. To address these apprehensions, we introduce a practical solution for ensuring LLM's safe and ethical use. Our novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Chaima Njeh , Haïfa Nakouri , Fehmi Jaafar

The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these concerns by creating an abundance of datasets for evaluating and improving LLM safety.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Paul Röttger , Fabio Pernisi , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy

Augmenting toxic language data in a controllable and class-specific manner is crucial for improving robustness in toxicity classification, yet remains challenging due to limited supervision and distributional skew. We propose ToxiGAN, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Peiran Li , Jan Fillies , Adrian Paschke

LLMs produce harmful and undesirable behavior when trained on datasets containing even a small fraction of poisoned data. We demonstrate that GPT models remain vulnerable to fine-tuning on poisoned data, even when safeguarded by moderation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Dillon Bowen , Brendan Murphy , Will Cai , David Khachaturov , Adam Gleave , Kellin Pelrine

The scarcity of high-quality annotated medical data, particularly in mental health, poses a significant bottleneck for training robust machine learning models. Privacy regulations restrict data sharing, making synthetic data generation a…

Pretrained neural language models (LMs) are prone to generating racist, sexist, or otherwise toxic language which hinders their safe deployment. We investigate the extent to which pretrained LMs can be prompted to generate toxic language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Samuel Gehman , Suchin Gururangan , Maarten Sap , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Open-source large language models are becoming increasingly available and popular among researchers and practitioners. While significant progress has been made on open-weight models, open training data is a practice yet to be adopted by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Catherine Arnett , Eliot Jones , Ivan P. Yamshchikov , Pierre-Carl Langlais

The dissemination of Large Language Models (LLMs), trained at scale, and endowed with powerful text-generating abilities, has made it easier for all to produce harmful, toxic, faked or forged content. In response, various proposals have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Matthieu Dubois , François Yvon , Pablo Piantanida

The in-context learning ability of large language models (LLMs) enables them to generalize to novel downstream tasks with relatively few labeled examples. However, they require enormous computational resources to be deployed. Alternatively,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Jean Kaddour , Qi Liu

We investigate the potential of LLM-generated synthetic data for improving low-resource Machine Translation (MT). Focusing on seven diverse target languages, we construct a document-level synthetic corpus from English Europarl, and extend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ona de Gibert , Joseph Attieh , Teemu Vahtola , Mikko Aulamo , Zihao Li , Raúl Vázquez , Tiancheng Hu , Jörg Tiedemann

Large language models (LLMs) and small language models (SLMs) are being adopted at remarkable speed, although their safety still remains a serious concern. With the advent of multilingual S/LLMs, the question now becomes a matter of scale:…

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu