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Prediction tasks in digital pathology are challenging due to the massive size of whole-slide images (WSIs) and the weak nature of training signals. Advances in computing, data availability, and self-supervised learning (SSL) have paved the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Vishwesh Ramanathan , Tony Xu , Pushpak Pati , Faruk Ahmed , Maged Goubran , Anne L. Martel

Machine learning has significantly advanced healthcare by aiding in disease prevention and treatment identification. However, accessing patient data can be challenging due to privacy concerns and strict regulations. Generating synthetic,…

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to learn new classes over time without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The emergence of foundation models (FM) pretrained on large datasets presents new opportunities for CIL by offering rich,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mohamed Elkhayat , Mohamed Mahmoud , Jamil Fayyad , Nourhan Bayasi

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

With the emergence of 3D foundation models, there is growing interest in fine-tuning them for downstream tasks, where LoRA is the dominant fine-tuning paradigm. As 3D datasets exhibit distinct variations in texture, geometry, camera motion,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yu Jiang , Hanwen Jiang , Ahmed Abdelkader , Wen-Sheng Chu , Brandon Y. Feng , Zhangyang Wang , Qixing Huang

Fine-tuning foundation models has emerged as a powerful approach for generating objects with specific desired properties. Reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective framework for this purpose, enabling models to generate outputs that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pouya M. Ghari , Simone Sciabola , Ye Wang

Driven by the recent advances in deep learning methods and, in particular, by the development of modern self-supervised learning algorithms, increased interest and efforts have been devoted to build foundation models (FMs) for medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 kaiko. ai , Nanne Aben , Edwin D. de Jong , Ioannis Gatopoulos , Nicolas Känzig , Mikhail Karasikov , Axel Lagré , Roman Moser , Joost van Doorn , Fei Tang

Histology review is often used as the `gold standard' for disease diagnosis. Computer aided diagnosis tools can potentially help improve current pathology workflows by reducing examination time and interobserver variability. Previous work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Jiayun Li , Wenyuan Li , Arkadiusz Gertych , Beatrice S. Knudsen , William Speier , Corey W. Arnold

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

Few-shot classification aims to learn a classifier to recognize unseen classes during training with limited labeled examples. While significant progress has been made, the growing complexity of network designs, meta-learning algorithms, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Wei-Yu Chen , Yen-Cheng Liu , Zsolt Kira , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Jia-Bin Huang

Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely adopted methods for Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of Large Language Models (LLMs). LoRA reduces the number of trainable parameters and memory usage while achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Justin Zhao , Timothy Wang , Wael Abid , Geoffrey Angus , Arnav Garg , Jeffery Kinnison , Alex Sherstinsky , Piero Molino , Travis Addair , Devvret Rishi

Fine-tuning significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper aims to provide an in-depth interpretation of the fine-tuning process through circuit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xu Wang , Yan Hu , Wenyu Du , Reynold Cheng , Benyou Wang , Difan Zou

Large-scale pretraining followed by task-specific finetuning has achieved great success in various NLP tasks. Since finetuning all parameters of large pretrained models poses substantial computational and memory challenges, several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ruiyi Zhang , Rushi Qiang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale 3D medical imaging data face challenges when adapted to multiple downstream tasks under continual learning with limited labeled data. We address few-shot continual learning for 3D brain MRI by…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Chi-Sheng Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Guan-Ying Chen , Qiuzhe Xie , Fan Zhang , En-Jui Kuo

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale in size, the computational overhead has become a major bottleneck for task-specific fine-tuning. While low-rank adaptation (LoRA) effectively curtails this cost by confining the weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yilang Zhang , Xiaodong Yang , Yiwei Cai , Georgios B. Giannakis

The field of computational pathology has recently seen rapid advances driven by the development of modern vision foundation models (FMs), typically trained on vast collections of pathology images. Recent studies demonstrate that increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mikhail Karasikov , Joost van Doorn , Nicolas Känzig , Melis Erdal Cesur , Hugo Mark Horlings , Robert Berke , Fei Tang , Sebastian Otálora

In the era of foundation models, fine-tuning pre-trained models for specific downstream tasks has become crucial. This drives the need for robust fine-tuning methods to address challenges such as model overfitting and sparse labeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Shikun Liu , Deyu Zou , Nima Shoghi , Victor Fung , Kai Liu , Pan Li

Pre-trained foundation models can be adapted for specific tasks using Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA). However, the fairness properties of these adapted classifiers remain underexplored. Existing fairness-aware fine-tuning methods rely on direct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Mark Anderson , Stuart Burrell , Maeve Madigan , Piotr Skalski , David Sutton

The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai