Related papers: Hyperreal differentiation with an idempotent ultra…
We analyze the strength of the existence of idempotent ultrafilters in higher-order reverse mathematics. Let (Uidem) be the statement that an idempotent ultrafilter on the natural numbers exists. We show that over ACA_0^w, the higher-order…
In standard construction of hyperrational numbers using an ultrapower we assume that the ultrafilter is selective. It makes possible to assign real value to any finite hyperrational number. So, we can consider hyperrational numbers with…
By using nonstandard analysis, and in particular iterated hyper-extensions, we give foundations to a peculiar way of manipulating ultrafilters on the natural numbers and their pseudo-sums. The resulting formalism is suitable for…
Ultrafilters are very useful and versatile objects with applications throughout mathematics: in topology, analysis, combinarotics, model theory, and even theory of social choice. Proofs based on ultrafilters tend to be shorter and more…
Hindman's Theorem says that every finite coloring of the positive natural numbers has a monochromatic set of finite sums. Ramsey algebras, recently introduced, are structures that satisfy an analogue of Hindman's Theorem. It is an open…
Differential operators usually result in derivatives expressed as a ratio of differentials. For all but the simplest derivatives, these ratios are typically not algebraically manipulable, but must be held together as a unit in order to…
Let $U$ be an absolute ultrafilter on the set of non-negative integers $\mathbb{N}$. For any sequence $x=(x_n)_{n\geq 0}$ of real numbers, let $U(x)$ denote the topological filter consisting of the open sets $W$ of $\mathbb{R}$ with $\{n…
We prove that if S is a commutative semigroup with well founded universal semilattice or a solvable inverse semigroup with well founded semilattice of idempotents, then every strongly productive ultrafilter on S is idempotent. Moreover we…
Hindman's Theorem is a prototypical example of a combinatorial theorem with a proof that uses the topology of the ultrafilters. We show how the methods of this proof, including topological arguments about ultrafilters, can be translated…
Let $F$ be a field, char$(F)\neq 2$. Then every finite-dimensional $F$-algebra has either an idempotent or an absolute nilpotent if and only if over $F$ every polynomial of odd degree has a root in $F$. This is also necessary and sufficient…
Free variables occur frequently in mathematics and computer science with ad hoc and altering semantics. We present the most recent version of our free-variable framework for two-valued logics with properly improved functionality, but only…
This paper suggests an algebraic version of the theorem on the existence of eigenvectors for linear operators in abstract idempotent spaces. Earlier, the theorem on the existence of eigenvectors was only known for the cases of a free…
Let $D$ be the differentiation operator $Df=f'$ acting on the Fr\'echet space $\H$ of all entire functions in one variable with the standard (compact-open) topology. It is known since 1950's that the set $H(D)$ of hypercyclic vectors for…
We characterize the action of isotropic pseudodifferential operators on functions in terms of their action on Hermite functions. We show that an operator $A : S(\mathbb{R}) \to S(\mathbb{R})$ is an isotropic pseudodifferential operator of…
We prove that \textsf{P}-points (even strong P-points) and Gruff ultrafilters exist in any forcing extension obtained by adding fewer than $\aleph_{\omega}% $-many random reals to a model of \textsf{CH. }These results improve and correct…
Let $B(H)$ be the algebra of bounded linear operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space $H$. We study the commutant of $B(H)$ in its ultrapower. We characterize the class of non-principal ultrafilters for which this…
We continue investigations of reasonable ultrafilters on uncountable cardinals defined in math.LO/0407498. We introduce stronger properties of ultrafilters and we show that those properties may be handled in lambda-support iterations of…
A general classification of linear differential and finite-difference operators possessing a finite-dimensional invariant subspace with a polynomial basis is given. The main result is that any operator with the above property must have a…
We develop the notion of coherent ultrafilters (extenders without normality or well-foundedness). We then use definable coherent ultraproducts to characterize any extension of a model $M$ in any fragment of $\mathbb{L}_{\infty, \omega}$…
A straightforward argument shows that, by allowing counterfactual elements of physical reality, any arbitrary discrete finite-dimensional operator corresponds to an observable.