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Related papers: Generalizing End-To-End Autonomous Driving In Real…

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An intelligent driving system should dynamically formulate appropriate driving strategies based on the current environment and vehicle status while ensuring system security and reliability. However, methods based on reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zuojin Tang , Xiaoyu Chen , Yongqiang Li , Jianyu Chen

Autonomous Driving (AD) encounters significant safety hurdles in long-tail unforeseen driving scenarios, largely stemming from the non-interpretability and poor generalization of the deep neural networks within the AD system, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yixuan Wang , Ruochen Jiao , Sinong Simon Zhan , Chengtian Lang , Chao Huang , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang , Qi Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have opened up new possibilities for intelligent agents, endowing them with human-like thinking and cognitive abilities. In this work, we delve into the potential of large language models (LLMs) in autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Erfei Cui , Wenhai Wang , Zhiqi Li , Jiangwei Xie , Haoming Zou , Hanming Deng , Gen Luo , Lewei Lu , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai

End-to-end (E2E) models in autonomous driving aim to directly map sensor inputs to control commands, but their ability to generalize to novel and complex scenarios remains a key challenge. The common practice of fully fine-tuning the vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zeyu Dong , Yimin Zhu , Yu Wu , Yu Sun

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated significant potential for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, the field still lacks a practical platform that enables dynamic model updates, rapid validation, fair comparison, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Zhijie Qiao , Haowei Li , Zhong Cao , Henry X. Liu

End-to-End driving is a promising paradigm as it circumvents the drawbacks associated with modular systems, such as their overwhelming complexity and propensity for error propagation. Autonomous driving transcends conventional traffic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Pranav Singh Chib , Pravendra Singh

Various methods have been proposed for utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) in autonomous driving. One strategy of using LLMs for autonomous driving involves inputting surrounding objects as text prompts to the LLMs, along with their…

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have not only advanced natural language processing but also inspired their application in domains with structurally similar problems--most notably, autonomous driving motion generation.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Mingyi Wang , Jingke Wang , Tengju Ye , Junbo Chen , Kaicheng Yu

We propose a novel model- and feature-based approach to development of vehicle software systems, where the end architecture is not explicitly defined. Instead, it emerges from an iterative process of search and optimization given certain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Krzysztof Lebioda , Viktor Vorobev , Nenad Petrovic , Fengjunjie Pan , Vahid Zolfaghari , Alois Knoll

In autonomous driving, end-to-end planners directly utilize raw sensor data, enabling them to extract richer scene features and reduce information loss compared to traditional planners. This raises a crucial research question: how can we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yingyan Li , Lue Fan , Jiawei He , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Tieniu Tan

Autonomous driving demands safe motion planning, especially in critical "long-tail" scenarios. Recent end-to-end autonomous driving systems leverage large language models (LLMs) as planners to improve generalizability to rare events.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Deepti Hegde , Rajeev Yasarla , Hong Cai , Shizhong Han , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Shweta Mahajan , Litian Liu , Risheek Garrepalli , Vishal M. Patel , Fatih Porikli

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has pushed their boundaries to many applications in various domains. Recently, the research community has started to evaluate their potential adoption in autonomous vehicles and especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Petros Loukas , David Bassir , Savvas Chatzichristofis , Angelos Amanatiadis

Roadway safety and mobility remain critical challenges for modern transportation systems, demanding innovative analytical frameworks capable of addressing complex, dynamic, and heterogeneous environments. While traditional engineering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Muhammad Monjurul Karim , Yan Shi , Shucheng Zhang , Bingzhang Wang , Mehrdad Nasri , Yinhai Wang

Human behavior models are essential as behavior references and for simulating human agents in virtual safety assessment of automated vehicles (AVs), yet current models face a trade-off between interpretability and flexibility.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Samir H. A. Mohammad , Wouter Mooi , Arkady Zgonnikov

Most self-driving systems rely on hand-coded perception outputs and engineered driving rules. Learning directly from human driving data with an end-to-end method can allow for a training architecture that is simpler and scales well with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mitchell Goff , Greg Hogan , George Hotz , Armand du Parc Locmaria , Kacper Raczy , Harald Schäfer , Adeeb Shihadeh , Weixing Zhang , Yassine Yousfi

Autonomous driving is of great interest to industry and academia alike. The use of machine learning approaches for autonomous driving has long been studied, but mostly in the context of perception. In this paper we take a deeper look on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Ardi Tampuu , Maksym Semikin , Naveed Muhammad , Dmytro Fishman , Tambet Matiisen

Today's large language models (LLMs) typically train on short text segments (e.g., <4K tokens) due to the quadratic complexity of their Transformer architectures. As a result, their performance suffers drastically on inputs longer than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Chi Han , Qifan Wang , Hao Peng , Wenhan Xiong , Yu Chen , Heng Ji , Sinong Wang

When applied directly in an end-to-end manner to medical follow-up tasks, Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from uncontrolled dialog flow and inaccurate information extraction due to the complexity of follow-up forms. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jinyan Liu , Zikang Chen , Qinchuan Wang , Tan Xie , Heming Zheng , Xudong Lv

Since DARPA Grand Challenges (rural) in 2004/05 and Urban Challenges in 2007, autonomous driving has been the most active field of AI applications. Recently powered by large language models (LLMs), chat systems, such as chatGPT and PaLM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yu Huang , Yue Chen , Zhu Li

We introduce EMMA, an End-to-end Multimodal Model for Autonomous driving. Built upon a multi-modal large language model foundation like Gemini, EMMA directly maps raw camera sensor data into various driving-specific outputs, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jyh-Jing Hwang , Runsheng Xu , Hubert Lin , Wei-Chih Hung , Jingwei Ji , Kristy Choi , Di Huang , Tong He , Paul Covington , Benjamin Sapp , Yin Zhou , James Guo , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan