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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enriches the input to LLMs by retrieving information from the relevant knowledge database, enabling them to produce responses that are more accurate and contextually appropriate. It is worth noting that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Xue Tan , Hao Luan , Mingyu Luo , Xiaoyan Sun , Ping Chen , Jun Dai

This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been empirically shown to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive domains such as healthcare, finance, and legal contexts. Given a query, RAG retrieves relevant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xun Xian , Ganghua Wang , Xuan Bi , Jayanth Srinivasa , Ashish Kundu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong , Jie Ding

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technology for addressing hallucination issues in the responses generated by large language models (LLMs). Existing studies on RAG primarily focus on applying semantic-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xiangrong Zhu , Yuexiang Xie , Yi Liu , Yaliang Li , Wei Hu

As connected and automated transportation systems evolve, there is a growing need for federal and state authorities to revise existing laws and develop new statutes to address emerging cybersecurity and data privacy challenges. This study…

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in general-purpose natural language processing tasks. However, LLMs are still facing challenges when applied to domain-specific areas like telecommunications, which demands…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Dun Yuan , Hao Zhou , Di Wu , Xue Liu , Hao Chen , Yan Xin , Jianzhong , Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models by incorporating external knowledge, yet suffers from critical limitations in high-stakes domains -- namely, sensitivity to noisy or contradictory evidence and opaque,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yuqicheng Zhu , Nico Potyka , Daniel Hernández , Yuan He , Zifeng Ding , Bo Xiong , Dongzhuoran Zhou , Evgeny Kharlamov , Steffen Staab

As an effective method to boost the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the question answering (QA) task, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which queries highly relevant information from external complex documents, has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shu Wang , Yingli Zhou , Yixiang Fang

Large language models (LLMs) often need to incorporate external knowledge to solve theme-specific problems. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown its high promise, empowering LLMs to generate more qualified responses with retrieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jimeng Shi , Sizhe Zhou , Bowen Jin , Wei Hu , Runchu Tian , Shaowen Wang , Giri Narasimhan , Jiawei Han

Providing external knowledge to Large Language Models (LLMs) is a key point for using these models in real-world applications for several reasons, such as incorporating up-to-date content in a real-time manner, providing access to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Simon Akesson , Frances A. Santos

Real-world live retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges when processing user queries that are often noisy, ambiguous, and contain multiple intents. While RAG enhances large language models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Guanting Dong , Xiaoxi Li , Yuyao Zhang , Mengjie Deng

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been swiftly adopted in scientific and clinical QA systems, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark in the medical domain is lacking. To address this gap, we introduce the Medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Liz Li , Wei Zhu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is widely used to augment large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, many benchmark datasets, designed to test RAG performance, comprise many questions that can already be answered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayi Liu , Jiaxing Zhang , Bowen Jin , Jennifer Neville

To harness the power of Language Models in answering domain specific specialized technical questions, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is been used widely. In this work, we have developed a Q\&A application inspired by the Retrieval…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-04-03 Tina. J. Jat , T. Ghosh , Karthik Suresh

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase remarkable abilities, yet they struggle with limitations such as hallucinations, outdated knowledge, opacity, and inexplicable reasoning. To address these challenges, Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Sourav Verma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive natural language processing abilities but face challenges such as hallucination and outdated knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Baolei Zhang , Yuxi Chen , Zhuqing Liu , Lihai Nie , Tong Li , Zheli Liu , Minghong Fang

The knowledge base in a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system is typically assembled once and never revised, even though the facts a query requires are often fragmented across documents and buried in irrelevant content. We argue that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yuxing Lu , Xukai Zhao , Wei Wu , Jinzhuo Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven effective in integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs) for solving question-answer (QA) tasks. The state-of-the-art RAG approaches often use the graph data as the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shu Wang , Yixiang Fang , Yingli Zhou , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma

Selective retrieval aims to make retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) more efficient and reliable by skipping retrieval when an LLM's parametric knowledge suffices. Despite promising results, existing methods are constrained by a binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Di Wu , Jia-Chen Gu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm to enhance large language models (LLMs) by conditioning generation on external evidence retrieved at inference time. While RAG addresses critical limitations of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chaitanya Sharma