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The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is profoundly transforming human society and concurrently presenting a series of ethical, legal, and social issues. The effective governance of AI has become a crucial global…

This report describes trade-offs in the design of international governance arrangements for civilian artificial intelligence (AI) and presents one approach in detail. This approach represents the extension of a standards, licensing, and…

Generative AI is frequently portrayed as revolutionary or even apocalyptic, prompting calls for novel regulatory approaches. This essay argues that such views are misguided. Instead, generative AI should be understood as an evolutionary…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Gilad Abiri

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and produce multi-step trajectories with external effects. Those properties create a governance problem that differs materially from single-turn generative AI: important risks emerge dur-…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Christopher Koch

Evaluations of generative models are now ubiquitous, and their outcomes critically shape public and scientific expectations of AI's capabilities. Yet skepticism about their reliability continues to grow. How can we know that a reported…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nathanael Jo , Ashia Wilson

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is enabling unprecedented automation in content creation and decision support, but it also raises novel risks. This paper presents a first-principles risk assessment framework underlying the IEEE…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Richard J. Tong , Marina Cortês , Jeanine A. DeFalco , Mark Underwood , Janusz Zalewski

Safety frameworks represent a significant development in AI governance: they are the first type of publicly shared catastrophic risk management framework developed by major AI companies and focus specifically on AI scaling decisions. I…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Atoosa Kasirzadeh

AI policymakers are responsible for delivering effective governance mechanisms that can provide safe, aligned and trustworthy AI development. However, the information environment offered to policymakers is characterised by an unnecessarily…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Israel Mason-Williams , Gabryel Mason-Williams

Frontier AI developers operate at the intersection of rapid technical progress, extreme risk exposure, and growing regulatory scrutiny. While a range of external evaluations and safety frameworks have emerged, comparatively little attention…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Francesca Gomez , Adam Buick , Leah Ferentinos , Haelee Kim , Elley Lee

Validity, reliability, and fairness are core ethical principles embedded in classical argument-based assessment validation theory. These principles are also central to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jill Burstein , Geoffrey T. LaFlair

Organizations of all sizes, across all industries and domains are leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to solve some of their biggest challenges around operations, customer experience, and much more. However, due to the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Navdeep Gill , Abhishek Mathur , Marcos V. Conde

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has enabled the deployment of various systems based on it. However, many current AI systems are found vulnerable to imperceptible attacks, biased against underrepresented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Bo Li , Peng Qi , Bo Liu , Shuai Di , Jingen Liu , Jiquan Pei , Jinfeng Yi , Bowen Zhou

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology which is increasingly being utilised in society and the economy worldwide, and its implementation is planned to become more prevalent in coming years. AI is increasingly being embedded in our…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Angela Daly , Thilo Hagendorff , Li Hui , Monique Mann , Vidushi Marda , Ben Wagner , Wei Wang , Saskia Witteborn

Assessments of trustworthiness have become a cornerstone of responsible AI development. Especially in high-stakes fields like healthcare, aligning technical, evidence-based, and ethical practices with forthcoming legal requirements is…

This paper critically examines the evolving ethical and regulatory challenges posed by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity. We trace the historical development of AI regulation, highlighting major milestones…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Vikram Kulothungan

As Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), becomes increasingly embedded in education systems worldwide, ensuring their ethical, legal, and contextually appropriate deployment has become a critical policy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Sara Alaswad , Tatiana Kalganova , Wasan Awad

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of existing concepts coming from different disciplines tackling the notion of intelligence, namely psychology and engineering, and from disciplines aiming to regulate AI innovations, namely AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Gauthier Chassang , Mogens Thomsen , Pierre Rumeau , Florence Sèdes , Alejandra Delfin

The EU AI Act represents the world's first transnational AI regulation with concrete enforcement measures. It builds on existing EU mechanisms for regulating health and safety of products but extends them to protect fundamental rights and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dave Lewis , Marta Lasek-Markey , Delaram Golpayegani , Harshvardhan J. Pandit

How to integrate an emerging and all-pervasive technology such as AI into the structures and operations of our society is a question of contemporary politics, science and public debate. It has produced a considerable amount of international…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Anja Folberth , Jutta Jahnel , Jascha Bareis , Carsten Orwat , Christian Wadephul