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Nations across the world are working to govern AI. However, from a technical perspective, there is uncertainty and disagreement on the best way to do this. Meanwhile, recent debates over AI regulation have led to calls for "evidence-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Stephen Casper , David Krueger , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds immense potential in medical applications. Numerous studies have explored the efficacy of various generative AI models within healthcare contexts, but there is a lack of a comprehensive and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jinghong Chen , Lingxuan Zhu , Weiming Mou , Zaoqu Liu , Quan Cheng , Anqi Lin , Jian Zhang , Peng Luo

The Directorate General for Parliamentary Research Services of the European Parliament has prepared a report to the Members of the European Parliament where they enumerate seven main risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine and…

This white paper examines the technical foundations of European AI standardization under the AI Act. It explains how harmonized standards enable the presumption of conformity mechanism, describes the CEN/CENELEC standardization process, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Piercosma Bisconti , Marcello Galisai

Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance regulates the exercise of authority and control over the management of AI. It aims at leveraging AI through effective use of data and minimization of AI-related cost and risk. While topics such as AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Johannes Schneider , Rene Abraham , Christian Meske , Jan vom Brocke

This year, jurisdictions worldwide, including the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and China, are set to enact or revise laws governing frontier AI. Their efforts largely rely on the assumption that increasing model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Nicholas A. Caputo

As AI systems evolve into distributed ecosystems with autonomous execution, asynchronous reasoning, and multi-agent coordination, the absence of scalable, decoupled governance poses a structural risk. Existing oversight mechanisms are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Suyash Gaurav , Jukka Heikkonen , Jatin Chaudhary

Advanced AI models hold the promise of tremendous benefits for humanity, but society needs to proactively manage the accompanying risks. In this paper, we focus on what we term "frontier AI" models: highly capable foundation models that…

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), specifically large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, has swiftly entered organizations without adequate governance, posing both opportunities and risks. Despite extensive debate on GenAI's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Johannes Schneider , Pauline Kuss , Rene Abraham , Christian Meske

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems increasingly assume consequential decision-making roles, a widening gap has emerged between technical capabilities and institutional accountability. Ethical guidance alone is insufficient to counter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Byeong Ho Kang , Wenli Yang , Muhammad Bilal Amin

Evaluating the safety of AI Systems is a pressing concern for organizations deploying them. In addition to the societal damage done by the lack of fairness of those systems, deployers are concerned about the legal repercussions and the…

This article provides a critical overview of the recently approved Artificial Intelligence Act. It starts by presenting the main structure, objectives, and approach of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. A definition of key concepts follows, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Nuno Sousa e Silva

The field of embodied AI (EAI) is rapidly advancing. Unlike virtual AI, EAI systems can exist in, learn from, reason about, and act in the physical world. With recent advances in AI models and hardware, EAI systems are becoming increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Jared Perlo , Alexander Robey , Fazl Barez , Luciano Floridi , Jakob Mökander

As AI systems advance and integrate into society, well-designed and transparent evaluations are becoming essential tools in AI governance, informing decisions by providing evidence about system capabilities and risks. Yet there remains a…

Generative AI tools are increasingly entering academic peer review workflows, raising questions about fairness, accountability, and the legitimacy of evaluative judgment. While these systems promise efficiency gains amid growing reviewer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tatiana Chakravorti , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sourojit Ghosh , Sarah Rajtmajer

The increasing use of AI technologies has led to increasing AI incidents, posing risks and causing harm to individuals, organizations, and society. This study recognizes and addresses the lack of standardized protocols for reliably and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J Nene

In August 2024, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) came into force, marking the world's first large-scale regulatory framework for AI. Central to the AIA is a risk-based approach, aligning regulatory obligations with the potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ronald Schnitzer , Maximilian Hoeving , Sonja Zillner

The evolution of AI is set to profoundly reshape the future. The European Union, recognizing this impending prominence, has enacted the AI Act, regulating market access for AI-based systems. A salient feature of the Act is to guard…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-14 André Calero Valdez , Moreen Heine , Thomas Franke , Nicole Jochems , Hans-Christian Jetter , Tim Schrills

AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage these impacts responsibly and direct the development of AI systems toward optimal public benefit, considerations of AI ethics and governance must…

The popularisation of applying AI in businesses poses significant challenges relating to ethical principles, governance, and legal compliance. Although businesses have embedded AI into their day-to-day processes, they lack a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Haocheng Lin