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We propose a new intuitive metric for evaluating the tension between two experiments, and apply it to several data sets. While our metric is non-optimal, if evidence of tension is detected, this evidence is robust and easy to interpret.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-09 Youngsoo Park , Eduardo Rozo

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) offers a unique window into the early universe, providing insights into cosmological parameters like the Hubble constant. Recent precise measurements of the CMB by experiments like Planck seem to point…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-26 Pablo Lemos , Paul Shah

The inconsistency between the locally inferred Hubble constant and the value inferred from the cosmic microwave background assuming the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model has persisted, turning into an important problem. An emergent underlying…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-17 Indranil Banik , Harry Desmond , Vasileios Kalaitzidis , Sergij Mazurenko

In this Letter we propose an interpretation of the Hubble tension as an effect of the scale-running of cosmological parameters and fundamental constants, as the Newton's constant $G$ and the cosmological constant $\Lambda$. Namely, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-01 Fabio Briscese

When the expansion rate of the Universe at recombination is used to infer the present expansion rate $H_0$, the value derived in the $\Lambda$CDM model, $H_0=67.4$ km/s/mpc, is about in 6$\, \sigma$ tension with the value measured locally,…

General Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Frederic Courbin , Andre Maeder

Following Gott et al. (2001), we use Huchra's final compilation of 553 measurements of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) to determine median statistical constraints on $H_0$. We find $H_0=68 \pm 5.5$ (or $\pm 1$) $\kmsmpc$, where the errors are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Gang Chen , Bharat Ratra

Discrepancy between the measurements of Hubble constant $H_{0}$ from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the local distance ladder is the most serious challenge to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. Recent researches point out that it…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-10 J. P. Hu , X. D. Jia , J. Hu , F. Y. Wang

We study if the discrepancy between the local and cosmological measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0$ can be reformulated as a tension in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) monopole temperature $T_0$. The latter is customarily fixed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-23 Mikhail M. Ivanov , Yacine Ali-Haïmoud , Julien Lesgourgues

In [26] it had been found that gravitational particle production (to be more specific, gravitational vacuum polarization) results in an effective increase in the directly measured value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ while it does not affect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-04 Recai Erdem

A major issue in contemporary cosmology is the persistent discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, between the Hubble constant ($H_0$) estimates from local measurements and those inferred from early-Universe observations under the standard…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-29 Surajit Kalita , Akhil Uniyal , Tomasz Bulik , Yosuke Mizuno

Considerable progress has been made in determining the Hubble constant over the past two decades. We discuss the cosmological context and importance of an accurate measurement of the Hubble constant, and focus on six high-precision…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Wendy L. Freedman , Barry F. Madore

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded us. Significant efforts in the literature have focused on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-01 Sunny Vagnozzi

Hubble tension is a problem in one-dimensional (1D) posteriors, since local $H_0$ determinations are only sensitive to a single parameter. Projected 1D posteriors for $\Lambda$CDM cosmological parameters become more non-Gaussian with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-06 Eoin Ó Colgáin , Saeed Pourojaghi , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari , Darragh Sherwin

Despite the remarkable success of the $\Lambda$Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmological model, a growing discrepancy has emerged (currently measured at the level of $\sim 4-6 \sigma$) between the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-07 Nils Schöneberg , Guillermo Franco Abellán , Andrea Pérez Sánchez , Samuel J. Witte , Vivian Poulin , Julien Lesgourgues

Over the past decades, cosmology has become largely based on experimental data, the most important sources of which are studies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). CMB is present in the Universe since the very first moments of its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-09 A. V. Shepelev

The standard cosmological model determined from the accurate cosmic microwave background measurements made by the Planck satellite implies a value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ that is $4.2$ standard deviations lower than the one determined…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-04 Karsten Jedamzik , Levon Pogosian

We use the largest sample to date of spectroscopic SN Ia distances and redshifts to look for evidence in the Hubble diagram of large scale outflows caused by local voids suggested to exist at z<0.15. Our sample combines data from the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 W. D'Arcy Kenworthy , Dan Scolnic , Adam Riess

1. We find that any two distance moduli measurements for the same galaxy differ from each other by 2.07 times the reported one sigma uncertainty on average. 2. This average difference between distance moduli measurements of the same galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-16 Ritesh Singh

This study aims to elucidate the tension in the Hubble constant ($H_0$), a key metric in cosmology representing the universe's expansion rate. Conflicting results from independent measurements such as the Planck satellite mission and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-01 David Camarena , Valerio Marra

There is an approximately 9% discrepancy, corresponding to 2.4sigma, between two independent constraints on the expansion rate of the universe: one indirectly arising from the cosmic microwave background and baryon acoustic oscillations,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-17 Valerio Marra , Luca Amendola , Ignacy Sawicki , Wessel Valkenburg