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Tool learning empowers large language models (LLMs) as agents to use external tools and extend their utility. Existing methods employ one single LLM-based agent to iteratively select and execute tools, thereafter incorporating execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Xiuyi Chen , Yue Feng , Lingyong Yan , Haibo Shi , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Autonomous Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enable digital automation on end-user devices. While scaling both parameters and data has yielded substantial gains, advanced methods still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ziwei Wang , Junjie Zheng , Leyang Yang , Sheng Zhou , Xiaoxuan Tang , Zhouhua Fang , Zhiwei Liu , Dajun Chen , Yong Li , Jiajun Bu

Mobile agents are essential for automating tasks in complex and dynamic mobile environments. As foundation models evolve, the demands for agents that can adapt in real-time and process multimodal data have grown. This survey provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Biao Wu , Yanda Li , Zhiwei Zhang , Yunchao Wei , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Few-shot learning aims to adapt knowledge learned from previous tasks to novel tasks with only a limited amount of labeled data. Research literature on few-shot learning exhibits great diversity, while different algorithms often excel at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Chi Zhang , Henghui Ding , Guosheng Lin , Ruibo Li , Changhu Wang , Chunhua Shen

Verifiers--functions assigning rewards to agent behavior--have been key to AI progress in math, code, and games. However, extending gains to domains without clear-cut success criteria remains a challenge: while humans can recognize desired…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Moises Andrade , Joonhyuk Cha , Brandon Ho , Vriksha Srihari , Karmesh Yadav , Zsolt Kira

LLM-based web agents have recently made significant progress, but much of it has occurred in closed-source systems, widening the gap with open-source alternatives. Progress has been held back by two key challenges: first, a narrow focus on…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents offer cross-platform solutions for automating complex digital tasks, with significant potential to transform productivity workflows. However, their performance is often constrained by the scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Junlei Zhang , Zichen Ding , Chang Ma , Zijie Chen , Qiushi Sun , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

Autonomous embodied agents live on an Internet of multimedia websites. Can they hop around multimodal websites to complete complex user tasks? Existing benchmarks fail to assess them in a realistic, evolving environment for their embodiment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Shulin Tian , Ziniu Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Ziwei Liu

Recent studies have uncovered the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in addressing complex sequential decision-making tasks through the provision of high-level instructions. However, LLM-based agents lack specialization in tackling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zihao Zhou , Bin Hu , Chenyang Zhao , Pu Zhang , Bin Liu

The exponential growth of data-driven systems and AI technologies has intensified the demand for high-quality web-sourced datasets. While existing datasets have proven valuable, conventional web data collection approaches face significant…

Autonomous agent frameworks still struggle to reconcile long-term experiential learning with real-time, context-sensitive decision-making. In practice, this gap appears as static cognition, rigid workflow dependence, and inefficient context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiaoxing Wang , Ning Liao , Shikun Wei , Chen Tang , Feiyu Xiong

Software robots have long been used in Robotic Process Automation (RPA) to automate mundane and repetitive computer tasks. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their advanced reasoning capabilities, these agents are now able…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Junhee Cho , Jihoon Kim , Daseul Bae , Jinho Choo , Youngjune Gwon , Yeong-Dae Kwon

Recent efforts have augmented language models (LMs) with external tools or environments, leading to the development of language agents that can reason and act. However, most of these agents rely on few-shot prompting techniques with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Baian Chen , Chang Shu , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier , Karthik Narasimhan , Shunyu Yao

Mobile device agent based on Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) is becoming a popular application. In this paper, we introduce Mobile-Agent, an autonomous multi-modal mobile device agent. Mobile-Agent first leverages visual perception…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Jiabo Ye , Ming Yan , Weizhou Shen , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Jitao Sang

The rapid development of large language and multimodal models has sparked significant interest in using proprietary models, such as GPT-4o, to develop autonomous agents capable of handling real-world scenarios like web navigation. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Hongliang He , Wenlin Yao , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Tianqing Fang , Zhenzhong Lan , Dong Yu

The advent of Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) and Large Language Models has spawned innovation in many areas of natural language processing. Despite the exciting potential of this technology, its impact on developing high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Séamus Lankford , Haithem Afli , Andy Way

Large Language Model (LLM) agents, capable of performing a broad range of actions, such as invoking tools and controlling robots, show great potential in tackling real-world challenges. LLM agents are typically prompted to produce actions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xingyao Wang , Yangyi Chen , Lifan Yuan , Yizhe Zhang , Yunzhu Li , Hao Peng , Heng Ji

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown impressive reasoning capabilities in interactive decision-making tasks. These agents interact with environment through intermediate interfaces, such as predefined action spaces and interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kaiming Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Ziyue Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved superior performance in powering text-based AI agents, endowing them with decision-making and reasoning abilities akin to humans. Concurrently, there is an emerging research trend focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Junlin Xie , Zhihong Chen , Ruifei Zhang , Xiang Wan , Guanbin Li

Recent advances in autonomous digital agents from industry (e.g., Manus AI and Gemini's research mode) highlight potential for structured tasks by autonomous decision-making and task decomposition; however, it remains unclear to what extent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yen-Che Chien , Kuang-Da Wang , Wei-Yao Wang , Wen-Chih Peng
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