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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in connecting vision and language, but they still struggle with spatial understanding and viewpoint-aware reasoning. Recent efforts aim to augment the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Kevin Qu , Haozhe Qi , Mihai Dusmanu , Mahdi Rad , Rui Wang , Marc Pollefeys

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diankun Wu , Fangfu Liu , Yi-Hsin Hung , Yueqi Duan

Recent developments in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved Vision-Language (VL) reasoning in 2D domains. However, extending these capabilities to 3D scene understanding remains a major challenge. Existing 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haijier Chen , Bo Xu , Shoujian Zhang , Haoze Liu , Jiaxuan Lin , Jingrong Wang

Medical image segmentation is fundamental for biomedical discovery. Existing methods lack generalizability and demand extensive, time-consuming manual annotation for new clinical application. Here, we propose MedSAM-3, a text promptable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Anglin Liu , Rundong Xue , Xu R. Cao , Yifan Shen , Yi Lu , Xiang Li , Qianqian Chen , Jintai Chen

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential across various domains, particularly in concept reasoning. However, their applications in understanding 3D environments remain limited,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kuan-Chih Huang , Xiangtai Li , Lu Qi , Shuicheng Yan , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Multi-modal images play a crucial role in comprehensive evaluations in medical image analysis providing complementary information for identifying clinically important biomarkers. However, in clinical practice, acquiring multiple modalities…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-02 Jonghun Kim , Hyunjin Park

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), building upon the foundation of powerful large language models (LLMs), have recently demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating not only texts but also images given interleaved multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Guangzhi Wang , Rui Wang , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Medical imaging provides essential visual insights for diagnosis, and multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly utilized for its analysis due to their strong generalization capabilities; however, the underlying factors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhenyang Cai , Junying Chen , Rongsheng Wang , Weihong Wang , Yonglin Deng , Dingjie Song , Yize Chen , Zixu Zhang , Benyou Wang

3D vision and spatial reasoning have long been recognized as preferable for accurately perceiving our three-dimensional world, especially when compared with traditional visual reasoning based on 2D images. Due to the difficulties in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yueen Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Jianye Hao , Irwin King

The increasing use of medical imaging in healthcare settings presents a significant challenge due to the increasing workload for radiologists, yet it also offers opportunity for enhancing healthcare outcomes if effectively leveraged. 3D…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly evolved from text-based systems to multimodal platforms, significantly impacting various sectors including healthcare. This comprehensive review explores the progression of LLMs to Multimodal Large…

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in mimicking human-level language comprehension and reasoning. This has sparked significant interest in applying LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Mingze Yuan , Peng Bao , Jiajia Yuan , Yunhao Shen , Zifan Chen , Yi Xie , Jie Zhao , Yang Chen , Li Zhang , Lin Shen , Bin Dong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) inherit the superior text understanding capabilities of LLMs and extend these capabilities to multimodal scenarios. These models achieve excellent results in the general domain of multimodal tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jinlong He , Pengfei Li , Gang Liu , Shenjun Zhong

Radiologic diagnostic errors-under-reading errors, inattentional blindness, and communication failures-remain prevalent in clinical practice. These issues often stem from missed localized abnormalities, limited global context, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yuheng Li , Yenho Chen , Yuxiang Lai , Jike Zhong , Vanessa Wildman , Xiaofeng Yang

The limited availability of 3D medical image datasets, due to privacy concerns and high collection or annotation costs, poses significant challenges in the field of medical imaging. While a promising alternative is the use of synthesized…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Lingting Zhu , Noel Codella , Dongdong Chen , Zhenchao Jin , Lu Yuan , Lequan Yu

Open-source, multilingual medical large language models (LLMs) have the potential to serve linguistically diverse populations across different regions. Adapting generic LLMs for healthcare often requires continual pretraining, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Meng Zhou , Surajsinh Parmar , Anubhav Bhatti

This paper explores the advancements and applications of large-scale models in the medical field, with a particular focus on Medical Large Models (MedLMs). These models, encompassing Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision Models, 3D Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 YunHe Su , Zhengyang Lu , Junhui Liu , Ke Pang , Haoran Dai , Sa Liu , Yuxin Jia , Lujia Ge , Jing-min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in text understanding and embedding tasks. However, their potential in multimodal representation, particularly for item-to-item (I2I) recommendations, remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chao Zhang , Haoxin Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Di Wu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Comprehending text-rich visual content is paramount for the practical application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), since text-rich scenarios are ubiquitous in the real world, which are characterized by the presence of extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yi Chen , Yixiao Ge , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have demonstrated significant potential in providing innovative solutions for various biomedical tasks, including pathology analysis, radiology report generation, and biomedical assistance. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dong Xue , Ziyao Shao , Zhaoyang Duan , Fangzhou Liu , Bing Li , Zhongheng Zhang