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Vision Large Language Models (VLMs) combine visual understanding with natural language processing, enabling tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and video analysis. While VLMs show impressive capabilities across domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ahmed Sharshar , Latif U. Khan , Waseem Ullah , Mohsen Guizani

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal LLMs (MLLMs) has historically relied on scaling model parameters. However, as hardware limits constrain further model growth, the primary computational bottleneck has shifted…

The growing gap between the increasing complexity of large language models (LLMs) and the limited computational budgets of edge devices poses a key challenge for efficient on-device inference, despite gradual improvements in hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios Spatharakis , Saeid Ghafouri , Jiakun Fan , Hans Vandierendonck , Deepu John , Bo Ji , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Transformer-based models have unlocked a plethora of powerful intelligent applications at the edge, such as voice assistant in smart home. Traditional deployment approaches offload the inference workloads to the remote cloud server, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Shengyuan Ye , Jiangsu Du , Liekang Zeng , Wenzhong Ou , Xiaowen Chu , Yutong Lu , Xu Chen

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has led to an increasing deployment of AI models on edge and terminal devices, driven by the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the need for real-time data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xubin Wang , Zhiqing Tang , Jianxiong Guo , Tianhui Meng , Chenhao Wang , Tian Wang , Weijia Jia

The increasing proliferation of IoT devices and AI applications has created a demand for scalable and efficient computing solutions, particularly for applications requiring real-time processing. The compute continuum integrates edge and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Negin Akbari , John Grundy , Aamir Cheema , Adel N. Toosi

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable language understanding and generation capabilities. However, training, deploying, and accessing these models pose notable challenges, including resource-intensive demands, extended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Souvika Sarkar , Mohammad Fakhruddin Babar , Monowar Hasan , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker

As AI moves beyond text, large language models (LLMs) increasingly power vision, audio, and document understanding; however, their high inference costs hinder real-time, scalable deployment. Conversely, smaller open-source models offer cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mayank Saini , Arit Kumar Bishwas

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

Large Artificial Intelligence Models (LAMs) powered by massive datasets, extensive parameter scales, and extensive computational resources, leading to significant transformations across various industries. Yet, their practical deployment on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xianke Qiang , Hongda Liu , Xinran Zhang , Zheng Chang , Ying-Chang Liang

Language models have gained significant interest due to their general-purpose capabilities, which appear to emerge as models are scaled to increasingly larger parameter sizes. However, these large models impose stringent requirements on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Savitha Viswanadh Kandala , Pramuka Medaranga , Ambuj Varshney

By provisioning inference offloading services, edge inference drives the rapid growth of AI applications at network edge. However, how to reduce the inference latency remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, we develop a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Guanqiao Qu , Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang , Yuguang Fang

Legal practitioners, particularly those early in their careers, face complex, high-stakes tasks that require adaptive, context-sensitive reasoning. While AI holds promise in supporting legal work, current datasets and models are narrowly…

We are witnessing a new era where problem-solving and cognitive tasks are being increasingly delegated to Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse domains, ranging from code generation to holiday planning. This trend also creates a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Baris Yamansavascilar , Atay Ozgovde , Cem Ersoy

Information flows by routes inside the network via mechanisms implemented in the model. These routes can be represented as graphs where nodes correspond to token representations and edges to operations inside the network. We automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Javier Ferrando , Elena Voita

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming knowledge work by improving the quality and efficiency of tasks such as writing, coding, and data analysis. However, their growing use in education has exposed a learning-performance…

Deep learning architectures with powerful reasoning capabilities have driven significant advancements in autonomous driving technology. Large language models (LLMs) applied in this field can describe driving scenes and behaviors with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yizhou Huang , Yihua Cheng , Kezhi Wang

We are amidst an explosion of artificial intelligence research, particularly around large language models (LLMs). These models have a range of applications across domains like medicine, finance, commonsense knowledge graphs, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Garrett Allen , Gaole He , Ujwal Gadiraju

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…