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The swimming of a pair of spherical bladders that change their volumes and mutual distance is efficient at low Reynolds numbers and is superior to other models of artificial swimmers. The change of shape resembles the wriggling motion known…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. E. Avron , O. Kenneth , D. H. Oaknin

Microorganisms inhabit viscoelastic environments, where their locomotion can deform polymers and trigger local complex viscoelastic responses. However, a systematic approach to quantify such responses remains lacking. Here, we propose a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-09 Kai Qi , Qingzhi Zou , Ignacio Pagonabarraga

Geometric confinements are frequently encountered in soft matter systems and in particular significantly alter the dynamics of swimming microorganisms in viscous media. Surface-related effects on the motility of microswimmers can lead to…

The dynamics and motion of multi-ciliated microswimmers with a spherical body and a small number N (with 5 < N < 60) of cilia with length comparable to the body radius, is investigated by mesoscale hydrodynamics simulations. A metachronal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-03 Sebastian Rode , Jens Elgeti , Gerhard Gompper

Active flexible filaments form the classical continuum framework for modelling the locomotion of spermatozoa and algae driven by the periodic oscillation of flagella. This framework also applies to the locomotion of various artificial…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 John Severn , Eric Lauga

Asymmetrically charged, nonspherical colloidal particles in general perform complex rotations and oblique motions under an electric field. The interplay of electrostatic and hydrodynamic forces complicate the prediction of these motions. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-01 Lara Braverman , Aaron Mowitz , Thomas A. Witten

Autonomous and driven transport in chiral active fluids have been shown to exhibit features that cannot be accommodated within the classical formulation of fluid mechanics, due to the role of odd viscosity. We generalize the theory of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-24 Michalis Chatzittofi , Yuto Hosaka , Andrej Vilfan , Ramin Golestanian

When a millimetric body is placed atop a vibrating liquid bath, the relative motion between the object and interface generates outward propagating waves with an associated momentum flux. Prior work has shown that isolated chiral objects,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-02-28 Jack-William Barotta , Giuseppe Pucci , Eli Silver , Alireza Hooshanginejad , Daniel M. Harris

We describe a method, based on techniques used in molecular dynamics, for simulating the inertialess dynamics of an elastic filament immersed in a fluid. The model is used to study the "one-armed swimmer". That is, a flexible appendage…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Cosentino Lagomarsino , F. Capuani , C. P. Lowe

The motion of microswimmers in complex flows is ruled by the interplay between swimmer propulsion and the dynamics induced by the fluid velocity field. Here we study the motion of a chiral microswimmer whose propulsion is provided by the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-06-08 Ji Zhang , Mauro Chinappi , Luca Biferale

Eukaryotic swimming cells such as spermatozoa, algae or protozoa use flagella or cilia to move in viscous fluids. The motion of their flexible appendages in the surrounding fluid induces propulsive forces that balance with the viscous drag…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-06 Maciej Lisicki , Marcos F. Velho Rodrigues , Eric Lauga

We use a continuum model to report on the behavior of a dilute suspension of chiral swimmers subject to externally imposed shear in a planar channel. Swimmer orientation in response to the imposed shear can be characterized by two distinct…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-05-31 Hossein Nili , Ali Naji

We study the collective motion of confined spherical microswimmers such as active colloids which we model by so-called squirmers. To simulate hydrodynamic flow fields including thermal noise, we use the method of multi-particle collision…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-03-20 Andreas Zöttl , Holger Stark

We use the image solution technique to compute the leading order frequency-dependent self-mobility function of a small solid particle moving perpendicular to the surface of a spherical capsule whose membrane possesses shearing and bending…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-02-01 Abdallah Daddi-Moussa-Ider , Stephan Gekle

We propose minimal models of one-, two- and three-dimensional micro-swimmers at low Reynolds number with a periodic non-reciprocal motion. These swimmers are either "pushers" or "pullers" of fluid along the swimming axis, or combination of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-04-30 Nobuhiko Watari , Ronald G. Larson

We investigate theoretically the collective dynamics of a suspension of low Reynolds number swimmers that are confined to two dimensions by a thin fluid film. Our model swimmer is characterized by internal degrees of freedom which locally…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 M. Leoni , T. B. Liverpool

\emph{Spiroplasma} swimming is studied with a simple model based on resistive-force theory. Specifically, we consider a bacterium shaped in the form of a helix that propagates traveling-wave distortions which flip the handedness of the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jing Yang , Charles W. Wolgemuth , Greg Huber

We consider two systems of active swimmers moving close to a solid surface, one being a living population of wild-type \textit{E. coli} and the other being an assembly of self-propelled Au-Pt rods. In both situations, we have identified two…

Chiral fluids - such as fluids under rotation or a magnetic field as well as synthetic and biological active fluids - flow in a different way than ordinary ones. Due to symmetries broken at the microscopic level, chiral fluids may have…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-04 Tali Khain , Michel Fruchart , Colin Scheibner , Thomas A. Witten , Vincenzo Vitelli

We discuss a micro-swimmer model made of three spheres actuated by an internal active time-periodic force, tied by an elastic potential and submitted to hydrodynamic interactions with thermal noise. The dynamical approach we use, replacing…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-11-23 R. Ferretta , R. Di Leonardo , A. Puglisi