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Most natural thermodynamic systems operate far from equilibrium, developing persistent currents and organizing into non-equilibrium stationary states (NESSs). Yet, the principles by which such systems self-organize, breaking equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-11 Matteo Sireci , Luca Peliti , Daniel Maria Busiello

We establish a correspondence between two very general paradigms for systems that persist away from thermal equilibrium. In the first paradigm, a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) is maintained by applying fixed thermodynamic forces that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-25 Oren Raz , Yigit Subasi , Christopher Jarzynski

The connection between dissipation and symmetry breaking is a long-standing enigma in statistical physics. It is intimately connected to the quest of a non-equilibrium functional whose minimization gives the non-equilibrium steady state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-03 Matteo Sireci , Daniel Maria Busiello

The existence and uniqueness of a steady state for nonequilibrium systems (NESS) is a fundamental subject and a main theme of research in statistical mechanics for decades. For Gaussian systems, such as a chain of harmonic oscillators…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-10-13 J. -T. Hsiang , B. L. Hu

A generalized class of non-equilibrium state, called non-equilibrium asymptotic state (NEAS), is proposed. The NEAS is constructed within the framework of the Fokker-Planck equations in thermodynamic limit. Besides the usual equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-12-11 Chi-Ho Cheng , Pik-Yin Lai

One of the key features of non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) is the presence of nontrivial probability currents. We propose a general classification of NESS in which these currents play a central distinguishing role. As a corollary, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. K. P. Zia , B. Schmittmann

We continue our investigation of kinetic models of a one-dimensional gas in contact with homogeneous thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. Nonlinear collisional interactions between particles are modeled by a so-called BGK dynamics…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Eric Carlen , Raffaele Esposito , Joel Leibowitz , Rossana Marra , Clement Mouhot

The nested Extremum Seeking (nES) algorithm is a model-free optimization method that has been shown to converge to a neighborhood of a Nash equilibrium. In this work, we demonstrate that the same nES dynamics can instead be made to converge…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Brad Ratto , Alan Williams , Miroslav Krstić , Tamer Başar , Alexander Scheinker

We study a class of stochastic models of mass transport on discrete vertex set $V$. For these models, a one-parameter family of homogeneous product measures $\otimes_{i\in V} \nu_\theta$ is reversible. We prove that the set of mixtures of…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Cristian Giardinà , Frank Redig , Berend van Tol

An equivalence between non equilibrium steady states (NESS) driven by a time-independent force and stochastic pumps (SP) stirred by a time-varying conservative force is studied for general many-body diffusive systems. When the particle…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-11 Ohad Shpielberg , Takahiro Nemoto

We describe a large family of nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) corresponding to forced flows over obstacles. The spatial structure at large distances from the obstacle is shown to be universal, and can be quantitatively characterised in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-25 Julian Sonner , Benjamin Withers

We analyze the non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of a one dimensional harmonic chain of $N$ atoms with alternating masses connected to heat reservoirs at unequal temperatures. We find that the temperature profile defined through the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Venkateshan Kannan , Abhishek Dhar , J. L. Lebowitz

We study the nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS) induced by quantum resetting of a system of $N$ noninteracting bosons in a harmonic trap. Our protocol consists of preparing initially the system in the ground state of a harmonic…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-03-13 Manas Kulkarni , Satya N. Majumdar , Sanjib Sabhapandit

Considering light-mediated long-range interactions between cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), we present numerical evidence of a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) for sufficiently large number of atoms (> 10^8). This state…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Marius Gaudesius , Yong-Chang Zhang , Thomas Pohl , Guillaume Labeyrie , Robin Kaiser

We investigate analytically and numerically the spatial structure of the non-equilibrium stationary states (NESS) of a point particle moving in a two dimensional periodic Lorentz gas (Sinai Billiard). The particle is subject to a constant…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-30 Federico Bonetto , Nikolay Chernov , Alexey Korepanov , Joel L. Lebowitz

Realistic quantum systems are affected by environmental loss, which is often seen as detrimental for applications in quantum technologies. Alternatively, weak coupling to an environment can aid in stabilizing highly entangled and mixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Koray Aydoğan , Anthony W. Schlimgen , Kade Head-Marsden

We consider a nonequilibrium transition that leads to the formation of nonlinear steady-state structures due to the gas flow scattering on a partially penetrable obstacle. The resulting nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) corresponds to a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-23 S. P. Lukyanets , O. V. Kliushnichenko

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics provides a general framework for understanding non-equilibrium processes, particularly in small systems that are typically far from equilibrium and dominated by fluctuations. However, the experimental…

Optics · Physics 2023-09-08 Yu Zheng , Lyu-Hang Liu , Xiang-Dong Chen , Guang-Can Guo , Fang-Wen Sun

We study thermodynamic operations which bring a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) to another NESS in physical systems under nonequilibrium conditions. We model the system by a suitable Markov jump process, and treat thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-02 Teruhisa S. Komatsu , Naoko Nakagawa , Shin-ichi Sasa , Hal Tasaki

We investigate the localization and topological properties of the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) in a one-dimensional homogeneous system. Our results demonstrate that, despite the absence of disorder in the initial system, the NESS can…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-08 Xixi Feng , Ao Zhou , Feng Lu , Gao Xianlong , Shujie Cheng