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Question processing is a fundamental step in a question answering (QA) application, and its quality impacts the performance of QA application. The major challenging issue in processing question is how to extract semantic of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Omar Al-Harbi , Shaidah Jusoh , Norita Md Norwawi

While large language models (LLMs) excel at factual recall, the real challenge lies in knowledge application. A gap persists between their ability to answer complex questions and their effectiveness in performing tasks that require that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Siyang Wu , Honglin Bao , Nadav Kunievsky , James A. Evans

Responding with knowledge has been recognized as an important capability for an intelligent conversational agent. Yet knowledge-grounded dialogues, as training data for learning such a response generation model, are difficult to obtain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Xueliang Zhao , Wei Wu , Chongyang Tao , Can Xu , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including healthcare and biomedicine. However, the phenomenon of hallucination, where LLMs generate outputs that deviate from factual accuracy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Duy Khoa Pham , Bao Quoc Vo

This survey provides an in-depth analysis of knowledge conflicts for large language models (LLMs), highlighting the complex challenges they encounter when blending contextual and parametric knowledge. Our focus is on three categories of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rongwu Xu , Zehan Qi , Zhijiang Guo , Cunxiang Wang , Hongru Wang , Yue Zhang , Wei Xu

Large language models often respond to ambiguous requests by implicitly committing to one interpretation, frustrating users and creating safety risks when that interpretation is wrong. We propose generating a single structured response that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Irina Saparina , Mirella Lapata

A prominent challenge for modern language understanding systems is the ability to answer implicit reasoning questions, where the required reasoning steps for answering the question are not mentioned in the text explicitly. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Uri Katz , Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Open domain question answering systems frequently rely on information retrieved from large collections of text (such as the Web) to answer questions. However, such collections of text often contain conflicting information, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Siyi Liu , Qiang Ning , Kishaloy Halder , Wei Xiao , Zheng Qi , Phu Mon Htut , Yi Zhang , Neha Anna John , Bonan Min , Yassine Benajiba , Dan Roth

In this paper, we identify a new category of bias that induces input-conflicting hallucinations, where large language models (LLMs) generate responses inconsistent with the content of the input context. This issue we have termed the false…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jongyoon Song , Sangwon Yu , Sungroh Yoon

Knowledge Graph(KG) grounded conversations often use large pre-trained models and usually suffer from fact hallucination. Frequently entities with no references in knowledge sources and conversation history are introduced into responses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Souvik Das , Sougata Saha , Rohini K. Srihari

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in leveraging diverse knowledge sources. This study investigates how nine widely used LLMs allocate knowledge between local context and global parameters when answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yufei Tao , Adam Hiatt , Erik Haake , Antonie J. Jetter , Ameeta Agrawal

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) integrate image encoders with Large Language Models (LLMs) to process multi-modal inputs and perform complex visual tasks. However, they often generate hallucinations by describing non-existent objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yaqi Sun , Kyohei Atarashi , Koh Takeuchi , Hisashi Kashima

Large language models (LLMs) can store a significant amount of factual knowledge in their parameters. However, their parametric knowledge may conflict with the information provided in the context. Such conflicts can lead to undesirable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yu Zhao , Xiaotang Du , Giwon Hong , Aryo Pradipta Gema , Alessio Devoto , Hongru Wang , Xuanli He , Kam-Fai Wong , Pasquale Minervini

In this work, we present a framework that utilizes ontology alignment to improve the learning process of deep learning models. With this approach we show that models fine-tuned using ontologies learn a downstream task at a higher rate with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shriram M S , Sushmitha S , Gayathri K S , Shahina A

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) offer transformative potential for high-stakes domains like finance and law, but their tendency to hallucinate, generating factually incorrect or unsupported content, poses a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Ahmad Pesaranghader , Erin Li

Hallucinations in large language models are a widespread problem, yet the mechanisms behind whether models will hallucinate are poorly understood, limiting our ability to solve this problem. Using sparse autoencoders as an interpretability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Javier Ferrando , Oscar Obeso , Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Neel Nanda

When asked to summarize articles or answer questions given a passage, large language models (LLMs) can hallucinate details and respond with unsubstantiated answers that are inaccurate with respect to the input context. This paper describes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yung-Sung Chuang , Linlu Qiu , Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Ranjay Krishna , Yoon Kim , James Glass

Large Language Model (LLM) hallucinations are usually treated as defects of the model or its decoding strategy. Drawing on classical linguistics, we argue that a query's form can also shape a listener's (and model's) response. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 William Watson , Nicole Cho , Sumitra Ganesh , Manuela Veloso

Many state-of-the-art natural language understanding (NLU) models are based on pretrained neural language models. These models often make inferences using information from multiple sources. An important class of such inferences are those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Akshatha Arodi , Martin Pömsl , Kaheer Suleman , Adam Trischler , Alexandra Olteanu , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Large language models (LLMs) tend to inadequately integrate input context during text generation, relying excessively on encoded prior knowledge in model parameters, potentially resulting in generated text with factual inconsistencies or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zheng Zhao , Emilio Monti , Jens Lehmann , Haytham Assem