Related papers: Imaging half-unit-cell Cooper-pair density waves i…
Superconducting states that break space-group symmetries of the underlying crystal can exhibit nontrivial spatial modulation of the order parameter. Previously, such remarkable states were intimately associated with the breaking of…
In unconventional high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors, the pair density wave state, an exotic superconducting order showing spatially periodic order parameter modulations with the period of several unit cells and translational…
Typical BCS superconductors are microscopically homogeneous in real space governed by the coherent Cooper pairs with high phase stiffness of superfluid density, which is characterized by a coherence length. However, a periodic oscillation…
The quantum condensate of Cooper-pairs forming a superconductor was originally conceived to be translationally invariant. In theory, however, pairs can exist with finite momentum $Q$ and thereby generate states with spatially modulating…
A major obstacle in understanding the mechanism of Cooper pairing in the cuprates is the existence of various intertwined orders associated with spin, charge, and Cooper pairs. Of particular importance is the ubiquitous charge order…
When Cooper pairs are formed with finite center-of-mass momentum, the defining characteristic is a spatially modulating superconducting energy gap $\Delta(r)$. Recently, this concept has been generalized to the pair density wave (PDW) state…
In his seminal work published in Acta Physica Sinica in 1965, Yu Lu pointed out that the superconducting gap exhibits weak modulations near the pair-breaking magnetic impurity in a superconductor. In the past ten years, a series of…
Pair density modulation is a superconducting state, recently observed in exfoliated iron-based superconductor flakes, in which the superconducting gap oscillates strongly with the same periodicity as the underlying crystalline lattice. We…
The main purpose of the paper is to discuss a possibility of the determination of the values of the coherence length and the Cooper-pair size in unconventional superconductors by using tunnelling spectroscopy. In the mixed state of type-II…
Quantum confinement of the perpendicular motion of electrons in single-crystalline metallic superconducting nanofilms splits the conduction band into a series of single-electron subbands. A distinctive feature of such a nanoscale multi-band…
Cooper-pair density modulation (CPDM) states are superconducting phases in which the order parameter varies periodically in real space without breaking translational symmetry. Recently, moire superlattices in layered materials have emerged…
We propose the ``pair-breaking scattering interference" as a general source of coherence peak modulations in superconductors. Assuming this mechanism, we present a simple physical picture for the coherence peak modulations in overdoped…
The density of states modulation recently observed by the scanning tunneling microscopic experiment in the pseudogap state of high-$T_c$ superconductors is explained by the pairing assisted particle transitions under perturbation of a…
Identifying superconducting states of matter without prior assumptions is a central challenge in strongly correlated electron systems. We introduce a canonical framework for diagnosing the formation of Cooper pair condensates based on the…
Recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments of Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+\delta}$ have shown evidence of real-space organization of electronic states at low energies in the pseudogap state. We argue based on symmetry…
Pair density wave (PDW) states are defined by a spatially modulating superconductive order-parameter. To search for such states in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) we use high-speed atomic-resolution scanned Josephson-tunneling…
Recent scanning tunneling microscopy on BSCCO 2212 has revealed a substantial spatial supermodulation of the energy gap in the superconducting state. We propose that this gap modulation is due to the superlattice modulations of the atoms in…
A weird electronic state accompanied with an anomalous superconducting precursor and/or exotic orders, called the pseudogap state, arises prior to a superconducting condensate in underdoped cuprates that are situated near Mott transition.…
The coexistence of multiple quasi-degenerate orders is the hallmark of the strongly correlated materials. Experiments often reveal several spatially modulated orders in the underdoped cuprates. This has come to the forefront with the…
We examine a holographic model in which a U(1) symmetry and translational invariance are broken spontaneously at the same time. Our construction provides an example of a system with pair-density wave order, in which the superconducting…