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The downstream use cases, benefits, and risks of AI systems depend significantly on the access afforded to the system, and to whom. However, the downstream implications of different access styles are not well understood, making it difficult…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Edward Kembery , Ben Bucknall , Morgan Simpson

Prominent AI companies are producing 'safety frameworks' as a type of voluntary self-governance. These statements purport to establish risk thresholds and safety procedures for the development and deployment of highly capable AI.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sam Coggins , Alexander K. Saeri , Katherine A. Daniell , Lorenn P. Ruster , Jessie Liu , Jenny L. Davis

Frontier AI companies increasingly rely on external evaluations to assess risks from dangerous capabilities before deployment. However, external evaluators often receive limited model access, limited information, and little time, which can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jacob Charnock , Alejandro Tlaie , Kyle O'Brien , Stephen Casper , Aidan Homewood

Following the AI Seoul Summit in 2024, twelve AI companies published frontier AI safety frameworks (Frameworks) outlining their approaches to managing catastrophic risks from advanced AI systems. Emerging legislation increasingly treats…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Lily Stelling , Malcolm Murray , Bruno Galizzi , Max Schaffelder , Siméon Campos , Henry Papadatos

Safety cases - clear, assessable arguments for the safety of a system in a given context - are a widely-used technique across various industries for showing a decision-maker (e.g. boards, customers, third parties) that a system is safe. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Benjamin Hilton , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Tomek Korbak , Geoffrey Irving

Open-weight advanced AI models -- systems whose parameters are freely available for download and adaptation -- are reshaping the global AI landscape. As these models rapidly close the performance gap with closed alternatives, they enable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bengüsu Özcan , Alex Petropoulos , Max Reddel

A comprehensive approach to addressing catastrophic risks from AI models should cover the full model lifecycle. This paper explores contingency plans for cases where pre-deployment risk management falls short: where either very dangerous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Joe O'Brien , Shaun Ee , Zoe Williams

Over the past year, artificial intelligence (AI) companies have been increasingly adopting AI safety frameworks. These frameworks outline how companies intend to keep the potential risks associated with developing and deploying frontier AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Jide Alaga , Jonas Schuett , Markus Anderljung

Advanced AI models hold the promise of tremendous benefits for humanity, but society needs to proactively manage the accompanying risks. In this paper, we focus on what we term "frontier AI" models: highly capable foundation models that…

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems could pose increasing risks to public safety and security. But what level of risk is acceptable? One increasingly popular approach is to define capability thresholds, which describe AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Leonie Koessler , Jonas Schuett , Markus Anderljung

The recent development of powerful AI systems has highlighted the need for robust risk management frameworks in the AI industry. Although companies have begun to implement safety frameworks, current approaches often lack the systematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Simeon Campos , Henry Papadatos , Fabien Roger , Chloé Touzet , Otter Quarks , Malcolm Murray

Mitigating the risks from frontier AI systems requires up-to-date and reliable information about those systems. Organizations that develop and deploy frontier systems have significant access to such information. By reporting safety-critical…

Generative AI release decisions determine whether system components are made available, but release does not address many other elements that change how users and stakeholders are able to engage with a system. Beyond release, access to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Irene Solaiman , Rishi Bommasani , Dan Hendrycks , Ariel Herbert-Voss , Yacine Jernite , Aviya Skowron , Andrew Trask

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

Safety cases, structured arguments that a system is acceptably safe, are becoming central to the governance of AI systems. Yet, traditional safety-case practices from aviation or nuclear engineering rely on well-specified system boundaries,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Sung Une Lee , Liming Zhu , Md Shamsujjoha , Liming Dong , Qinghua Lu , Jieshan Chen , Lionel Briand

Several jurisdictions are starting to regulate frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems, i.e. general-purpose AI systems that match or exceed the capabilities present in the most advanced systems. To reduce risks from these systems,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jonas Schuett , Markus Anderljung , Alexis Carlier , Leonie Koessler , Ben Garfinkel

As AI systems become more advanced, companies and regulators will make difficult decisions about whether it is safe to train and deploy them. To prepare for these decisions, we investigate how developers could make a 'safety case,' which is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Joshua Clymer , Nick Gabrieli , David Krueger , Thomas Larsen

Frontier AI companies first deploy their most advanced models internally, for weeks or months of safety testing, evaluation, and iteration, before a possible public release. For example, Anthropic recently developed a new class of model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Oscar Delaney , Sambhav Maheshwari , Joe O'Brien , Theo Bearman , Oliver Guest

Frontier AI both amplifies existing risks and introduces qualitatively novel challenges. Not only is there a notable lack of stable scientific consensus resulting from the rapid pace of technological change, but emerging frontier AI safety…

Evaluating the safety of AI Systems is a pressing concern for organizations deploying them. In addition to the societal damage done by the lack of fairness of those systems, deployers are concerned about the legal repercussions and the…

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