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Quantum repeaters (QRs) provide a way of enabling long distance quantum communication by establishing entangled qubits between remote locations. We investigate a new approach to QRs in which quantum information can be faithfully transmitted…

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

We describe a quantum repeater protocol for long-distance quantum communication. In this scheme, entanglement is created between qubits at intermediate stations of the channel by using a weak dispersive light-matter interaction and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 P. van Loock , T. D. Ladd , K. Sanaka , F. Yamaguchi , Kae Nemoto , W. J. Munro , Y. Yamamoto

We present a quantum repeater scheme based on the recently proposed qubit amplifier [N. Gisin, S. Pironio and N. Sangouard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 070501 (2010)]. It relies on a on-demand entangled-photon pair source which uses on-demand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jiří Minář , Hugues de Riedmatten , Nicolas Sangouard

Long-distance quantum communication presents a significant challenge as maintaining the fidelity of qubits can be difficult. This issue can be addressed through the use of quantum repeaters to transmit entanglement information through Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-18 Tasdiqul Islam , Engin Arslan

Major obstacles against efficient long distance quantum communication are photon losses during transmission and the probabilistic nature of Bell measurement causing exponential scaling in time and resource with distance. To overcome these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Seung-Woo Lee , Timothy C. Ralph , Hyunseok Jeong

We present a quantum repeater protocol for distributing entanglement over long distances, where a dedicated communication stage enables trial rates not limited by the travel time between repeater nodes. To accomplish this, each node…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Adam Kinos , Andreas Walther , Stefan Kröll , Lars Rippe

We analyze elementary building blocks for quantum repeaters based on fiber channels and memory stations. Implementations are considered for three different physical platforms, for which suitable components are available: quantum dots,…

We introduce measurement-based quantum repeaters, where small-scale measurement-based quantum processors are used to perform entanglement purification and entanglement swapping in a long-range quantum communication protocol. In the scheme,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-03 M. Zwerger , W. Dür , H. J. Briegel

We design a quantum repeater architecture, necessary for long distance quantum networks, using the recently proposed microwave cat state qubits, formed and manipulated via interaction between a superconducting nonlinear element and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-13 Sourabh Kumar , Nikolai Lauk , Christoph Simon

Using 2 km of standard telecom optical fibres, we teleport qubits carried by photons of 1310 nm wavelength to qubits in another lab carried by a photons of 1550 nm wavelength. The photons to be teleported and the necessary entangled photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. Gisin , I. Marcikic , H. de Riedmatten , W. Tittel , H. Zbinden

Quantum networks hold promise for key distribution, private and distributed computing, and quantum sensing, among other applications. The scale of such networks for ground users is currently limited by one's ability to distribute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Yanxuan Shao , Saikat Guha , Adilson E. Motter

Global-scale entanglement distribution has been a formidable challenge due to the unavoidable losses in communication channels. Here, we propose a novel backbone channel for quantum network based on balloon-based aerial relays. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Pei-Xi Liu , Yu-Ping Lin , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum key distribution allows for the generation of a secret key between distant parties connected by a quantum channel such as optical fibre or free space. Unfortunately, the rate of generation of a secret key by direct transmission is…

Significant work has been done to develop quantum satellites, which generate entangled pairs in space and distribute them to ground stations separated some distance away. The reverse uplink case, where pairs are generated on the ground and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 S. Srikara , Hudson Leone , Alexander S. Solnstev , Simon J. Devitt

Quantum repeaters with multiple quantum memories provide high throughput, low latency, and high fidelity quantum state (qubit) transfer over long distances. However, conventional quantum repeater protocols require full connections among the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Yuhei Sekiguchi , Satsuki Okumura , Hideo Kosaka

We present a "hybrid quantum repeater" protocol for the long-distance distribution of atomic entangled states beyond qubits. In our scheme, imperfect noisy entangled pairs of two qudits, i.e., two discrete-variable $d$-level systems, each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Marcel Bergmann , Peter van Loock

Satellite-based quantum communication is an invaluable resource for the realization of a quantum network at the global scale. In this regard, the use of satellites well beyond the low Earth orbits gives the advantage of long communication…

Owing to the inevitable loss in communication channels, the distance of entanglement distribution is limited to approximately 100 kilometres on the ground. Quantum repeaters can circumvent this problem by using quantum memory and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-08 Xiao Liu , Jun Hu , Zong-Feng Li , Xue Li , Pei-Yun Li , Peng-Jun Liang , Zong-Quan Zhou , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum repeaters promise to deliver long-distance entanglement overcoming noise and loss in realistic quantum channels. A promising class of repeaters, based on atomic ensemble quantum memories and linear optics, follow the proposal by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-05 Jonatan Bohr Brask , Anders Sondberg Sorensen