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We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

The promise of quantum computers hinges on the ability to scale to large system sizes, e.g., to run quantum computations consisting of more than 100 million operations fault-tolerantly. This in turn requires suppressing errors to levels…

Fault-tolerant quantum computation using two-dimensional topological quantum error correcting codes can benefit from multi-qubit long-range operations. By using simple commutation rules, a quantum circuit can be transpiled into a sequence…

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation in the presence of slow error diagnostics, either caused by measurement latencies or slow decoding algorithms. Our scheme offers a few improvements over previously existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-08 Christopher Chamberland , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

Solid-state spin qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation and quantum networks. Recent experiments have demonstrated high-quality control over multi-qubit systems, elementary quantum algorithms and non-fault-tolerant error…

Flag qubits have recently been proposed in syndrome extraction circuits to detect high-weight errors arising from fewer faults. The use of flag qubits allows the construction of fault-tolerant protocols with the fewest number of ancillas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-27 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Christopher Chamberland , Debbie Leung

Qubit measurements in quantum devices involve various types of errors, including erroneous state determination, correlated preparation errors and measurement-induced leakage from the computational states. We propose a feedforward protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Liran Shirizly , Dekel Meirom , Malcolm Carroll , Haggai Landa

Exploring an efficient and scalable architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is vital for demonstrating useful quantum computing. Here, we propose and evaluate a scalable and practical architecture with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Rui Asaoka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga

We study the implementation of fault-tolerant logical Clifford gates on stabilizer quantum error correcting codes based on their symmetries. Our approach is to map the stabilizer code to a binary linear code, compute its automorphism group,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Hasan Sayginel , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Mark Webster , Abhishek Rajput , Dan E Browne

Quantum computers are expected to bring drastic acceleration to several computing tasks against classical computers. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, which have tens to hundreds of noisy physical qubits, are gradually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Yutaro Akahoshi , Kazunori Maruyama , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

Benchmarking methods that can be adapted to multi-qubit systems are essential for assessing the overall or "holistic" performance of nascent quantum processors. The current industry standard is Clifford randomized benchmarking (RB), which…

A quantum computer will use the properties of quantum physics to solve certain computational problems much faster than otherwise possible. One promising potential implementation is to use superconducting quantum bits in the circuit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-01 Matthew Reed

Braiding defects in topological stabiliser codes has been widely studied as a promising approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we explore the potential and limitations of such schemes in codes of all spatial dimensions. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett

In order to achieve fault tolerance, highly reliable system often require the ability to detect errors as soon as they occur and prevent the speared of erroneous information throughout the system. Thus, the need for codes capable of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-02-08 Muzhir Al-Ani , Qeethara Al-Shayea

With the development of quantum hardware bringing the error-corrected quantum circuits to the near future, the lack of an efficient polynomial-time decoding algorithms for logical circuits presents a critical bottleneck. While quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Yiqing Zhou , Chao Wan , Yichen Xu , Jin Peng Zhou , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Eun-Ah Kim

The ultimate goal of quantum error correction is to create logical qubits with very low error rates (e.g. 1e-12) and assemble them into large-scale quantum computers capable of performing many (e.g. billions) of logical gates on many (e.g.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Michael E. Beverland , Malcolm Carroll , Andrew W. Cross , Theodore J. Yoder

We discuss stabilizer quantum-error correction codes implemented in a single multi-level qudit to avoid resource escalation typical of multi-qubit codes. These codes can be customized to the specific physical errors on the qudit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Matteo Mezzadri , Alessandro Chiesa , Luca Lepori , Stefano Carretta

In quantum coding theory, stabilizer codes are probably the most important class of quantum codes. They are regarded as the quantum analogue of the classical linear codes and the properties of stabilizer codes have been carefully studied in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-28 Ching-Yi Lai , Chung-Chin Lu

Qudits can be described by a state vector in a $q$-dimensional Hilbert space, enabling a more extensive encoding and manipulation of information compared to qubits. This implies that conducting fault-tolerant quantum computations using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 James Keppens , Quinten Eggerickx , Vukan Levajac , George Simion , Bart Sorée