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Pre-trained large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for simulating various scenarios and generating output given specific instructions and multimodal input. In this work, we analyze the specific use of LLM to enhance a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yuhang Wu , Yingfei Wang , Chu Wang , Zeyu Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in sentence-level machine translation, but scaling to document-level translation remains challenging, particularly in modeling long-range dependencies and discourse phenomena…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Miguel Moura Ramos , Patrick Fernandes , Sweta Agrawal , André F. T. Martins

Across various sectors applications of eXplainableAI (XAI) gained momentum as the increasing black-boxedness of prevailing Machine Learning (ML) models became apparent. In parallel, Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly developed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jonas Bokstaller , Julia Altheimer , Julian Dormehl , Alina Buss , Jasper Wiltfang , Johannes Schneider , Maximilian Röglinger

Amidst the rapid advances of large language models (LLMs), most LLMs still struggle with mixed-language inputs, limited Codeswitching (CSW) datasets, and evaluation biases, which hinder their deployment in multilingual societies. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rajvee Sheth , Samridhi Raj Sinha , Mahavir Patil , Himanshu Beniwal , Mayank Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in reasoning, demonstrating their capability to generate human-like responses. This study analyzes the problem-solving capabilities of LLMs in the domain of thermodynamics. A…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Rebecca Loubet , Pascal Zittlau , Luisa Vollmer , Marco Hoffmann , Sophie Fellenz , Fabian Jirasek , Heike Leitte , Hans Hasse

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, leading to intense excitement about their applicability across various domains. Unfortunately, recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yaqi Xie , Chen Yu , Tongyao Zhu , Jinbin Bai , Ze Gong , Harold Soh

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) adapts a trained model to specific downstream tasks, significantly improving task-specific performance. Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is a common approach, where an LLM is trained to produce desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Qianxi Li , Yingyue Cao , Jikun Kang , Tianpei Yang , Xi Chen , Jun Jin , Matthew E. Taylor

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable success in multilingual translation, their internal core translation mechanisms, even at the fundamental word level, remain insufficiently understood. To address this critical gap,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hongbin Zhang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Xiucheng Li , Yang Xiang , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on text-only data that go far beyond the languages with paired speech and text data. At the same time, Dual Encoder (DE) based retrieval systems project queries and documents into the same embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Frank Palma Gomez , Ramon Sanabria , Yun-hsuan Sung , Daniel Cer , Siddharth Dalmia , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego

Background and Context: Over the past year, large language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm. In computing education, like in other walks of life, many opportunities and threats have emerged as a consequence. Objectives: In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , Sami Sarsa , Charles Koutcheme , Lilja Kujanpää , Juha Sorva

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable generalization across tasks, leading to increased interest in integrating speech with LLMs. These speech LLMs (SLLMs) typically use supervised fine-tuning to align speech with text-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Jingran Xie , Xiang Li , Hui Wang , Yue Yu , Yang Xiang , Xixin Wu , Zhiyong Wu

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) often demonstrate a performance gap between English and non-English languages, particularly in low-resource settings. Aligning these models to low-resource languages is essential yet challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Rakesh Paul , Anusha Kamath , Kanishk Singla , Raviraj Joshi , Utkarsh Vaidya , Sanjay Singh Chauhan , Niranjan Wartikar

This study investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage source and reference data in machine translation evaluation task, aiming to better understand the mechanisms behind their remarkable performance in this task. We design the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Xu Huang , Zhirui Zhang , Xiang Geng , Yichao Du , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

As global demand for multilingual large language models (LLMs) grows, most LLMs still remain overly focused on English, leading to the limited access to advanced AI for non-English speakers. Current methods to enhance multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Weixiang Zhao , Yulin Hu , Jiahe Guo , Xingyu Sui , Tongtong Wu , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu

Qualitative analysis of textual contents unpacks rich and valuable information by assigning labels to the data. However, this process is often labor-intensive, particularly when working with large datasets. While recent AI-based tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Ziang Xiao , Xingdi Yuan , Q. Vera Liao , Rania Abdelghani , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as strong contenders in machine translation.Yet, they still struggle to adequately handle discourse phenomena, such as pronoun resolution and lexical cohesion at the document level. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae , Chrysoula Zerva

Large language models (LLMs) excel in speed and adaptability across various reasoning tasks, but they often struggle when strict logic or constraint enforcement is required. In contrast, Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) are specifically…

Large language models (LLMs) are the foundation of many AI applications today. However, despite their remarkable proficiency in generating coherent text, questions linger regarding their ability to perform fine-grained linguistic annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri

In an era defined by the explosive growth of data and rapid technological advancements, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Designed to seamlessly integrate diverse data…

Code-mixing, the practice of switching between languages within a conversation, poses unique challenges for traditional NLP. Existing benchmarks are limited by their narrow language pairs and tasks, failing to adequately assess large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yilun Yang , Yekun Chai
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