English
Related papers

Related papers: Circuit Complexity Bounds for RoPE-based Transform…

200 papers

I shall describe a general model-theoretic task to construct expansions of pseudofinite structures and discuss several examples of particular relevance to computational complexity. Then I will present one specific situation where finding a…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-02-10 Jan Krajicek

We highlight a general theory to engineer arbitrary Hermitian tight-binding lattice models in electrical LC circuits, where the lattice sites are replaced by the electrical nodes, connected to its neighbors and to the ground by capacitors…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Junkai Dong , Vladimir Juricic , Bitan Roy

Time series forecasting is an important problem, with many real world applications. Ensembles of deep neural networks have recently achieved impressive forecasting accuracy, but such large ensembles are impractical in many real world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Espen Haugsdal , Erlend Aune , Massimiliano Ruocco

Transformers are crucial across many AI fields, such as large language models, computer vision, and reinforcement learning. This prominence stems from the architecture's perceived universality and scalability compared to alternatives. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Amirreza Abbasi , Mohsen Hooshmand

Learning-based methods have become increasingly popular for solving vehicle routing problems due to their near-optimal performance and fast inference speed. Among them, the combination of deep reinforcement learning and graph representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zhenwei Wang , Ruibin Bai , Fazlullah Khan , Ender Ozcan , Tiehua Zhang

Modern neural language models achieve high accuracy in text generation, yet precise control over generation length remains underdeveloped. In this paper, we first investigate a recent length control method based on Reverse Positional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ivanhoé Botcazou , Tassadit Amghar , Sylvain Lamprier , Frédéric Saubion

We study certain topological problems that are inspired by applications to autonomous robot manipulation. Consider a continuous map $f\colon X\to Y$, where $f$ can be a kinematic map from the configuration space $X$ to the working space $Y$…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-04 Petar Pavešić

Despite massive investments in scale, deep models for click-through rate (CTR) prediction often exhibit rapidly diminishing returns - a stark contrast to the smooth, predictable gains seen in large language models. We identify the root…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Bencheng Yan , Yuejie Lei , Zhiyuan Zeng , Di Wang , Kaiyi Lin , Pengjie Wang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

This paper proposes a novel approach to word embeddings in Transformer models by utilizing spinors from geometric algebra. Spinors offer a rich mathematical framework capable of capturing complex relationships and transformations in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rick White

Printed electronics (PE) promises on-demand fabrication, low non-recurring engineering costs, and sub-cent fabrication costs. It also allows for high customization that would be infeasible in silicon, and bespoke architectures prevail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Giorgos Armeniakos , Georgios Zervakis , Dimitrios Soudris , Mehdi B. Tahoori , Jörg Henkel

We present a new class of efficient attention mechanisms applying universal 3D Relative Positional Encoding (RPE) methods given by arbitrary integrable modulation functions $f$. They lead to the new class of 3D-Transformer models, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Byeongchan Kim , Arijit Sehanobish , Avinava Dubey , Min-hwan Oh , Krzysztof Choromanski

The poor performance of transformers on arithmetic tasks seems to stem in large part from their inability to keep track of the exact position of each digit inside of a large span of digits. We mend this problem by adding an embedding to…

Transformer models have advanced the state of the art in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present a new Transformer architecture, Extended Transformer Construction (ETC), that addresses two key challenges of…

Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) have become the standard for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to their ability to encode relative positions through geometric rotation. However, we identify a significant limitation we term ''Spectral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kanishk Awadhiya

Inspired by the Bloch Sphere representation, we propose a novel rotary position encoding on a three-dimensional sphere, named 3D Rotary Position Encoding (3D-RPE). 3D-RPE is an advanced version of the widely used 2D Rotary Position Encoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Xindian Ma , Wenyuan Liu , Peng Zhang , Nan Xu

Position modeling plays a critical role in Transformers. In this paper, we focus on length extrapolation, i.e., training on short texts while evaluating longer sequences. We define attention resolution as an indicator of extrapolation. Then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Yutao Sun , Li Dong , Barun Patra , Shuming Ma , Shaohan Huang , Alon Benhaim , Vishrav Chaudhary , Xia Song , Furu Wei

Transformer has become the dominant architecture for sequence modeling, yet a detailed understanding of how its structural parameters influence expressive power remains limited. In this work, we study the approximation properties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Penghao Yu , Haotian Jiang , Zeyu Bao , Ruoxi Yu , Qianxiao Li

FeFETs hold strong potential for advancing memory and logic technologies, but their inherent randomness arising from both operational cycling and fabrication variability poses significant challenges for accurate and reliable modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tasnia Nobi Afee , Jack Hutchins , Md Mazharul Islam , Thomas Kampfe , Ahmedullah Aziz

We analyse the complexity of the satisfiability problem, or similarly feasibility problem, (trSAT) for transformer encoders (TE), which naturally occurs in formal verification or interpretation, collectively referred to as formal reasoning.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Marco Sälzer , Eric Alsmann , Martin Lange

A major challenge for transformers is generalizing to sequences longer than those observed during training. While previous works have empirically shown that transformers can either succeed or fail at length generalization depending on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xinting Huang , Andy Yang , Satwik Bhattamishra , Yash Sarrof , Andreas Krebs , Hattie Zhou , Preetum Nakkiran , Michael Hahn