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Related papers: Untangling Hate Speech Definitions: A Semantic Com…

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Current research on hate speech analysis is typically oriented towards monolingual and single classification tasks. In this paper, we present a new multilingual multi-aspect hate speech analysis dataset and use it to test the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Nedjma Ousidhoum , Zizheng Lin , Hongming Zhang , Yangqiu Song , Dit-Yan Yeung

A significant challenge in automating hate speech detection on social media is distinguishing hate speech from regular and offensive language. These identify an essential category of content that web filters seek to remove. Only automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Faria Naznin , Md Touhidur Rahman , Shahran Rahman Alve

Hate speech is harmful content that directly attacks or promotes hatred against members of groups or individuals based on actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as racism, religion, or sexual orientation. This can affect social life…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Arijit Das , Somashree Nandy , Rupam Saha , Srijan Das , Diganta Saha

The automatic detection of hate speech online is an active research area in NLP. Most of the studies to date are based on social media datasets that contribute to the creation of hate speech detection models trained on them. However, data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dimosthenis Antypas , Jose Camacho-Collados

With the proliferation of social media, accurate detection of hate speech has become critical to ensure safety online. To combat nuanced forms of hate speech, it is important to identify and thoroughly explain hate speech to help users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yongjin Yang , Joonkee Kim , Yujin Kim , Namgyu Ho , James Thorne , Se-young Yun

Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

The proliferation of online hate speech poses a significant threat to the harmony of the web. While explicit hate is easily recognized through overt slurs, implicit hate speech is often conveyed through sarcasm, irony, stereotypes, or coded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Chengshuai Zhao , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Karan Patwa , K. Selçuk Candan , Huan Liu

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Keyan Guo , Alexander Hu , Jaden Mu , Ziheng Shi , Ziming Zhao , Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu

To address the global challenge of online hate speech, prior research has developed detection models to flag such content on social media. However, due to systematic biases in evaluation datasets, the real-world effectiveness of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Manuel Tonneau , Diyi Liu , Niyati Malhotra , Scott A. Hale , Samuel P. Fraiberger , Victor Orozco-Olvera , Paul Röttger

This paper conducts a user study to assess whether three machine learning (ML) interpretability layouts can influence participants' views when evaluating sentences containing hate speech, focusing on the "Misogyny" and "Racism" classes.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Thiago Freitas dos Santos , Nardine Osman , Marco Schorlemmer

Building on current work on multilingual hate speech (e.g., Ousidhoum et al. (2019)) and hate speech reduction (e.g., Sap et al. (2020)), we present XTREMESPEECH, a new hate speech dataset containing 20,297 social media passages from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Antonis Maronikolakis , Axel Wisiorek , Leah Nann , Haris Jabbar , Sahana Udupa , Hinrich Schuetze

State-of-the-art approaches for hate-speech detection usually exhibit poor performance in out-of-domain settings. This occurs, typically, due to classifiers overemphasizing source-specific information that negatively impacts its domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Tulika Bose , Nikolaos Aletras , Irina Illina , Dominique Fohr

Online social platforms are beset with hateful speech - content that expresses hatred for a person or group of people. Such content can frighten, intimidate, or silence platform users, and some of it can inspire other users to commit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Haji Mohammad Saleem , Kelly P Dillon , Susan Benesch , Derek Ruths

Hate speech is a widespread and harmful form of online discourse, encompassing slurs and defamatory posts that can have serious social, psychological, and sometimes physical impacts on targeted individuals and communities. As social media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh Chapagain , Shah Muhammad Hamdi , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

Cultural context profoundly shapes how people interpret online content, yet vision-language models (VLMs) remain predominantly trained through Western or English-centric lenses. This limits their fairness and cross-cultural robustness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mo Wang , Kaixuan Ren , Pratik Jalan , Ahmed Ashraf , Tuong Vy Vu , Rahul Seetharaman , Shah Nawaz , Usman Naseem

Counter-speech (CS) is a key strategy for mitigating online Hate Speech (HS), yet defining the criteria to assess its effectiveness remains an open challenge. We propose a novel computational framework for CS effectiveness classification,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Greta Damo , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata

Online hate speech can harmfully impact individuals and groups, specifically on non-moderated platforms such as 4chan where users can post anonymous content. This work focuses on analysing and measuring the prevalence of online hate on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Adrian Bermudez-Villalva , Maryam Mehrnezhad , Ehsan Toreini

Hate speech detection models rely on surface-level lexical features, increasing vulnerability to spurious correlations and limiting robustness, cultural contextualization, and interpretability. We propose Supervised Moral Rationale…

Warning: this paper contains content that may be offensive or upsetting. Most hate speech datasets neglect the cultural diversity within a single language, resulting in a critical shortcoming in hate speech detection. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Nayeon Lee , Chani Jung , Junho Myung , Jiho Jin , Jose Camacho-Collados , Juho Kim , Alice Oh

The internet has become a hotspot for hate speech (HS), threatening societal harmony and individual well-being. While automatic detection methods perform well in identifying explicit hate speech (ex-HS), they struggle with more subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Lu Wei , Liangzhi Li , Tong Xiang , Xiao Liu , Noa Garcia