Related papers: inf(M \ L)=3

Let $L$ and $M$ denote the classical Lagrange and Markov spectra, respectively. It is known that $L\subset M$ and that $M\setminus L\neq\varnothing$. Inspired by three questions asked by the third author in previous work investigating the…

The field of formal Laurent series is a natural analogue of the real numbers, and mathematicians have been translating well-known results about rational approximations to that setting. In the framework of power series over the rational…

We show that several portions of the complement $M\setminus L$ of the Lagrange spectrum $L$ in the Markov spectrum $M$ can be seen as subsets of arithmetic sums of Cantor sets with controlled Hausdorff dimensions. In particular, we prove…

The (classical) Lagrange spectrum is a closed subset of the positive real numbers defined in terms of diophantine approximation. Its structure is quite involved. This article describes a polynomial time algorithm to approximate it in…

For a given irrational number $\alpha$ one can define an irrationality measure function $\psi_{\alpha}^{[2]}(t) = \min\limits_{\substack{(q, p)\colon q, p \in\mathbb{Z}, 1\leqslant q\leqslant t, \\ (p, q) \neq (p_n, q_n) ~\forall…

The Markov numbers are the positive integer solutions of the Diophantine equation $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3xyz$. Already in 1880, Markov showed that all these solutions could be generated along a binary tree. So it became quite usual (and…

We construct four new elements $3.11>m_1>m_2>m_3>m_4$ of $M\backslash L$ lying in distinct connected components of $\mathbb{R}\setminus L$, where $M$ is the Markov spectrum and $L$ is the Lagrange spectrum. These elements are part of a…

While Roth's theorem states that the irrationality measure of all the irrational algebraic numbers is 2, and the same holds true over function fields in characteristic zero, some counter-examples were found over function fields in positive…

Given an irrational number $\alpha$ consider its irrationality measure function $\psi_{\alpha}(t)=\min\limits_{1\le q\le t, q\in\mathbb{Z}}\|q\alpha\|$. The set of all values of $\lambda(\alpha)=(\limsup\limits_{t\to\infty}…

We develop a generalized Markov theory for the Markov--Lagrange and Markov spectra. The classical discrete Markov spectrum is governed by Markov numbers, the positive integers occurring in solutions of the Markov equation. We show that this…

Freiman proved in 1968 that the Lagrange and Markov spectra do not coincide by exhibiting a countable infinite collection $\mathcal{F}$ of isolated points of the Markov spectrum which do not belong the Lagrange spectrum. In this paper, we…

Let $C$ be the middle-third Cantor set. Define $C*C=\{x*y:x,y\in C\}$, where $*=+,-,\cdot,\div$ (when $*=\div$, we assume $y\neq0$). Steinhaus \cite{HS} proved in 1917 that \[ C-C=[-1,1], C+C=[0,2]. \] In 2019, Athreya, Reznick and Tyson…

Let $[\, x\,]$ denote the integer part of a real number $x$. Assume that $\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3$ are nonzero real numbers, not all of the same sign, that $\lambda_1/\lambda_2$ is irrational, and that $\eta$ is real. Let…

Frankl and F\"uredi conjectured in 1989 that the maximum Lagrangian of all $r$-uniform hypergraphs of fixed size $m$ is realized by the minimum hypergraph $C_{r,m}$ under the colexicographic order. In this paper, we prove a weaker version…

We prove that, for every $k\ge 4$, the sets $M(k)$ and $L(k)$, which are Markov and Lagrange dynamical spectra related to conservative horseshoes and associated to continued fractions with coefficients bounded by $k$ coincide with the…

Let $(L_n)_{n\geq 0}$ be the Lucas sequence given by $L_0 = 2, L_1 = 1$ and $L_{n+2} = L_{n+1}+L_n$ for $n \geq 0$. In this paper, we are interested in finding all powers of three which are sums of two Lucas numbers, i.e., we study the…

We call a positive real number $\lambda$ admissible if it belongs to the Lagrange spectrum and there exists an irrational number $\alpha$ such that $\mu(\alpha)=\lambda$. Here $\mu(\alpha)$ denotes the Lagrange constant of $\alpha$ -…

We study the distribution of the values of the form $\lambda_1 p_1 + \lambda_2 p_2 + \lambda_3 p_3^k$, where $\lambda_1$, $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_3$ are non-zero real number not all of the same sign, with $\lambda_1 / \lambda_2$…

We exhibit new examples of regions of $M\setminus L$ where $M$ and $L$ denote the Markov and Lagrange spectra, respectively. These regions have a different nature from all known regions studied so far: they contain \emph{intruder sets}…

We refine a result of W.P. Li and Wang on the values of the form $ \lambda_1p_1 + \lambda_2p_2^{2} + \lambda_3p_3^{2} + \mu_1 2^{m_1} +...+ \mu_s 2^{m_s}, $ where $p_1,p_2,p_3$ are prime numbers, $m_1,..., m_s$ are positive integers,…