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A/B tests are the gold standard for evaluating digital experiences on the web. However, traditional "fixed-horizon" statistical methods are often incompatible with the needs of modern industry practitioners as they do not permit continuous…

Many organizations utilize large-scale online controlled experiments (OCEs) to accelerate innovation. Having high statistical power to detect small differences between control and treatment accurately is critical, as even small changes in…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-11 Ali Mahmoudzadeh , Sophia Liu , Sol Sadeghi , Paul Luo Li , Somit Gupta

A/B testing, or controlled experiments, is the gold standard approach to causally compare the performance of algorithms on online platforms. However, conventional Bernoulli randomization in A/B testing faces many challenges such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yongkang Guo , Yuan Yuan , Jinshan Zhang , Yuqing Kong , Zhihua Zhu , Zheng Cai

A/B testing is gaining attention in the automotive sector as a promising tool to measure causal effects from software changes. Different from the web-facing businesses, where A/B testing has been well-established, the automotive domain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Yuchu Liu , David Issa Mattos , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson , Jonn Lantz

E-commerce companies have a number of online products, such as organic search, sponsored search, and recommendation modules, to fulfill customer needs. Although each of these products provides a unique opportunity for users to interact with…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-23 Xuan Yin , Liangjie Hong

We introduce a dataset comprising commercial machine translations, gathered weekly over six years across 12 translation directions. Since human A/B testing is commonly used, we assume commercial systems improve over time, which enables us…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Guojun Wu , Shay B. Cohen , Rico Sennrich

In online randomized experiments or A/B tests, accurate predictions of participant inclusion rates are of paramount importance. These predictions not only guide experimenters in optimizing the experiment's duration but also enhance the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-06 Lorenzo Masoero , Mario Beraha , Thomas Richardson , Stefano Favaro

Technology firms conduct randomized controlled experiments ("A/B tests") to learn which actions to take to improve business outcomes. In firms with mature experimentation platforms, experimentation programs can consist of many thousands of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-30 Winston Chou , Colin Gray , Nathan Kallus , Aurélien Bibaut , Simon Ejdemyr

When developing a new networking algorithm, it is established practice to run a randomized experiment, or A/B test, to evaluate its performance. In an A/B test, traffic is randomly allocated between a treatment group, which uses the new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Bruce Spang , Veronica Hannan , Shravya Kunamalla , Te-Yuan Huang , Nick McKeown , Ramesh Johari

A/B testing methodology is generally performed by private companies to increase user engagement and satisfaction about online features. Their usage is far from being transparent and may undermine user autonomy (e.g. polarizing individual…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Matteo Ottaviani , Stefan M. Herzog , Pietro Leonardo Nickl , Philipp Lorenz-Spreen

Failure to accurately measure the outcomes of an experiment can lead to bias and incorrect conclusions. Online controlled experiments (aka AB tests) are increasingly being used to make decisions to improve websites as well as mobile and…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Jayant Gupchup , Yasaman Hosseinkashi , Pavel Dmitriev , Daniel Schneider , Ross Cutler , Andrei Jefremov , Martin Ellis

Experimentation in online digital platforms is used to inform decision making. Specifically, the goal of many experiments is to optimize a metric of interest. Null hypothesis statistical testing can be ill-suited to this task, as it is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-10 Timothy Sudijono , Simon Ejdemyr , Apoorva Lal , Martin Tingley

Online experimentation, also known as A/B testing, is the gold standard for measuring product impacts and making business decisions in the tech industry. The validity and utility of experiments, however, hinge on unbiasedness and sufficient…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-17 Min Liu , Jialiang Mao , Kang Kang

Online controlled experiments (A/B testing) are fundamental to data-driven decision-making in many companies. Improving the sensitivity of these experiments under fixed sample size constraints requires reducing the variance of the average…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Zhexiao Lin , Pablo Crespo

Controlled experiments (A/B tests or randomized field experiments) are the de facto standard to make data-driven decisions when implementing changes and observing customer responses. The methodology to analyze such experiments should be…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-06 Shafi Kamalbasha , Manuel J. A. Eugster

The task of item recommendation requires ranking a large catalogue of items given a context. Item recommendation algorithms are evaluated using ranking metrics that depend on the positions of relevant items. To speed up the computation of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Steffen Rendle

Engineers in the manufacturing industries have used accelerated test (AT) experiments for many decades. The purpose of AT experiments is to acquire reliability information quickly. Test units of a material, component, subsystem or entire…

Methodology · Statistics 2007-08-03 Luis A. Escobar , William Q. Meeker

A/B tests are often required to be conducted on subjects that might have social connections. For e.g., experiments on social media, or medical and social interventions to control the spread of an epidemic. In such settings, the SUTVA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shiv Shankar , Ritwik Sinha , Yash Chandak , Saayan Mitra , Madalina Fiterau

Online experiments %in which experimental units receive a sequence of treatments over time are frequently employed in many technological companies to evaluate the performance of a newly developed policy, product, or treatment relative to a…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-14 Ke Sun , Linglong Kong , Hongtu Zhu , Chengchun Shi

Effective summarisation evaluation metrics enable researchers and practitioners to compare different summarisation systems efficiently. Estimating the effectiveness of an automatic evaluation metric, termed meta-evaluation, is a critically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xiang Dai , Sarvnaz Karimi , Biaoyan Fang