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In feedback generation for logical errors in programming assignments, large language model (LLM)-based methods have shown great promise. These methods ask the LLM to generate feedback given the problem statement and a student's (buggy)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Hasnain Heickal , Andrew Lan

With the growing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they are increasingly applied in areas like intelligent customer service, code generation, and knowledge management. Natural language (NL) prompts act as the ``APIs'' for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhenchang Xing , Yang Liu , Zhuo Cheng , Qing Huang , Dehai Zhao , Daniel Sun , Chenhua Liu

We introduce SIMCOPILOT, a benchmark that simulates the role of large language models (LLMs) as interactive, "copilot"-style coding assistants. Targeting both completion (finishing incomplete methods or code blocks) and infill tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Mingchao Jiang , Abhinav Jain , Sophia Zorek , Chris Jermaine

Calibration, the alignment between model confidence and prediction accuracy, is critical for the reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs). Existing works neglect to measure the generalization of their methods to other prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yuxi Xia , Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo , Klim Zaporojets , Benjamin Roth

Prompt engineering is a challenging yet crucial task for optimizing the performance of large language models on customized tasks. It requires complex reasoning to examine the model's errors, hypothesize what is missing or misleading in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Qinyuan Ye , Maxamed Axmed , Reid Pryzant , Fereshte Khani

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly common in educational applications, there is a growing need for evidence-based methods to design and evaluate LLM prompts that produce personalized and pedagogically aligned out-puts. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Langdon Holmes , Adam Coscia , Scott Crossley , Joon Suh Choi , Wesley Morris

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) highlight their fluency in generating responses to diverse prompts. However, these models sometimes generate plausible yet incorrect ``hallucinated" facts, undermining trust. A frequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jung-Woo Shim , Yeong-Joon Ju , Ji-Hoon Park , Seong-Whan Lee

Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become key components of modern software, with prompts acting as their de-facto programming interface. However, prompt design remains largely empirical and small mistakes can cascade into unreliable,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Haoye Tian , Chong Wang , BoYang Yang , Lyuye Zhang , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable of handling diverse tasks with the aid of well-crafted prompts and integration of external tools, but as task complexity rises, the workflow involving LLMs can be complicated and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Honghua Dong , Qidong Su , Yubo Gao , Zhaoyu Li , Yangjun Ruan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Chris J. Maddison , Xujie Si

Large language models (LLMs) can handle a wide variety of general tasks with simple prompts, without the need for task-specific training. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built upon LLMs, have demonstrated impressive potential in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tao Yu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Junkang Wu , Jinda Lu , Kun Wang , Xingyu Lu , Yunhang Shen , Guibin Zhang , Dingjie Song , Yibo Yan , Tianlong Xu , Qingsong Wen , Zhang Zhang , Yan Huang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Large language models (LLMs) require well-crafted prompts for effective use. Prompt engineering, the process of designing prompts, is challenging, particularly for non-experts who are less familiar with AI technologies. While researchers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Zijie J. Wang , Aishwarya Chakravarthy , David Munechika , Duen Horng Chau

Prompt engineering for large language models is challenging, as even small prompt perturbations or model changes can significantly impact the generated output texts. Existing evaluation methods of LLM outputs, either automated metrics or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Michael A. Hedderich , Anyi Wang , Raoyuan Zhao , Florian Eichin , Jonas Fischer , Barbara Plank

Generative large language models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across several NLP tasks, such as machine translation, text summarization. Recent research (Kocmi and Federmann, 2023) has shown that utilizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Qingyu Lu , Baopu Qiu , Liang Ding , Kanjian Zhang , Tom Kocmi , Dacheng Tao

This study investigates the reliability of code generation by Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on identifying and analyzing defects in the generated code. Despite the advanced capabilities of LLMs in automating code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Ali Mohammadi Esfahani , Nafiseh Kahani , Samuel A. Ajila

In many real-world applications, users rely on natural language instructions to guide large language models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. These instructions are often complex, diverse, and subject to frequent change. However, LLMs do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Praveen Venkateswaran , Danish Contractor

Instruction tuning has emerged as the key in aligning large language models (LLMs) with specific task instructions, thereby mitigating the discrepancy between the next-token prediction objective and users' actual goals. To reduce the labor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zifeng Wang , Chun-Liang Li , Vincent Perot , Long T. Le , Jin Miao , Zizhao Zhang , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

With the broad availability of large language models and their ability to generate vast outputs using varied prompts and configurations, determining the best output for a given task requires an intensive evaluation process, one where…

While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and PaLM have demonstrated remarkable performance in various language understanding and generation tasks, their capabilities in complex reasoning and intricate knowledge utilization still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haodi Zhang , Min Cai , Xinhe Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Rui Mao , Kaishun Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced Information Retrieval (IR) across various modules, such as reranking. Despite impressive performance, current zero-shot relevance ranking with LLMs heavily relies on human prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Can Jin , Hongwu Peng , Shiyu Zhao , Zhenting Wang , Wujiang Xu , Ligong Han , Jiahui Zhao , Kai Zhong , Sanguthevar Rajasekaran , Dimitris N. Metaxas