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The advancement of large language models (LLMs) for real-world applications hinges critically on enhancing their reasoning capabilities. In this work, we explore the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) through their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Romain Cosentino , Sarath Shekkizhar

Designing proteins de novo with tailored structural, physicochemical, and functional properties remains a grand challenge in biotechnology, medicine, and materials science, due to the vastness of sequence space and the complex coupling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fiona Y. Wang , Di Sheng Lee , David L. Kaplan , Markus J. Buehler

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in integrating visual and linguistic understanding. Existing benchmarks typically focus on high-level semantic capabilities, such as scene understanding and visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shangyu Xing , Changhao Xiang , Yuteng Han , Yifan Yue , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Liu , Zhangtai Wu , Fei Zhao , Xinyu Dai

Language models (LMs) are machine learning models designed to predict linguistic patterns by estimating the probability of word sequences based on large-scale datasets, such as text. LMs have a wide range of applications in natural language…

This research introduces a transformative framework for integrating Vision-Enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced transformer-based architectures to tackle challenges in high-resolution image synthesis and multimodal data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Karthikeya KV

Large language models (LLMs) are a class of artificial intelligence models based on deep learning, which have great performance in various tasks, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Large language models typically consist of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-04 Jiajia Liu , Mengyuan Yang , Yankai Yu , Haixia Xu , Tiangang Wang , Kang Li , Xiaobo Zhou

Large Language Model (LLM) alignment conventionally relies on supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning based alignment frameworks. These methods typically require labeled or preference datasets and involve updating model weights to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Reem I. Masoud , Martin Ferianc , Philip Treleaven , Miguel Rodrigues

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) represent an evolutionary expansion in the capabilities of traditional large language models, enabling them to tackle challenges that surpass the scope of purely text-based applications. It leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Jinlong He , Pengfei Li , Gang Liu , Genrong He , Zhaolin Chen , Shenjun Zhong

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly reshaped the trajectory of the AI revolution. Nevertheless, these LLMs exhibit a notable limitation, as they are primarily adept at processing textual information. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Arkadeep Acharya , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

New era has unlocked exciting possibilities for extending Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle 3D vision-language tasks. However, most existing 3D multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) rely on compressing holistic 3D scene information or segmenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xiaoyan Wang , Zeju Li , Yifan Xu , Jiaxing Qi , Zhifei Yang , Ruifei Ma , Xiangde Liu , Chao Zhang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become the default approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs) due to its significant reduction in trainable parameters. However, trainable parameter demand for LoRA increases with increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Seyedarmin Azizi , Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram

In this work, we introduce LLaDA-V, a purely diffusion-based Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that integrates visual instruction tuning with masked diffusion models, representing a departure from the autoregressive paradigms dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zebin You , Shen Nie , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Hu , Jun Zhou , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen , Chongxuan Li

Large language models (LLMs) are having transformative impacts across a wide range of scientific fields, particularly in the biomedical sciences. Just as the goal of Natural Language Processing is to understand sequences of words, a major…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-24 Gonzalo Benegas , Chengzhong Ye , Carlos Albors , Jianan Canal Li , Yun S. Song

We demonstrate the ability of large language models (LLMs) to perform material and molecular property regression tasks, a significant deviation from the conventional LLM use case. We benchmark the Large Language Model Meta AI (LLaMA) 3 on…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-22 Ryan Jacobs , Maciej P. Polak , Lane E. Schultz , Hamed Mahdavi , Vasant Honavar , Dane Morgan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

This work explores expanding the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) pretrained on text to generate 3D meshes within a unified model. This offers key advantages of (1) leveraging spatial knowledge already embedded in LLMs, derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Zhengyi Wang , Jonathan Lorraine , Yikai Wang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Sanja Fidler , Xiaohui Zeng

Recent multimodal embedding approaches leveraging multimodal large language models (MLLMs) fine-tuned with contrastive learning (CL) have shown promising results, yet the underlying reasons behind their superiority remain underexplored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chenghao Xiao , Hou Pong Chan , Hao Zhang , Weiwen Xu , Mahani Aljunied , Yu Rong

Large language models have made remarkable progress in the field of molecular science, particularly in understanding and generating functional small molecules. This success is largely attributed to the effectiveness of molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-14 Zicheng Ma , Chuanliu Fan , Zhicong Wang , Zhenyu Chen , Xiaohan Lin , Yanheng Li , Shihao Feng , Jun Zhang , Ziqiang Cao , Yi Qin Gao

Text embedding has become a foundational technology in natural language processing (NLP) during the deep learning era, driving advancements across a wide array of downstream tasks. While many natural language understanding challenges can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhijie Nie , Zhangchi Feng , Mingxin Li , Cunwang Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Richong Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in multimodal tasks. Despite their impressive performance, MLLMs suffer from the modality imbalance issue, where visual information is often underutilized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hengzhuang Li , Xinsong Zhang , Qiming Peng , Bin Luo , Han Hu , Dengyang Jiang , Han-Jia Ye , Teng Zhang , Hai Jin