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We present protein autoregressive modeling (PAR), the first multi-scale autoregressive framework for protein backbone generation via coarse-to-fine next-scale prediction. Using the hierarchical nature of proteins, PAR generates structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yanru Qu , Cheng-Yen Hsieh , Zaixiang Zheng , Ge Liu , Quanquan Gu

Proteins are complex biomolecules that perform a variety of crucial functions within living organisms. Designing and generating novel proteins can pave the way for many future synthetic biology applications, including drug discovery.…

Machine learning (ML) offers considerable promise for the design of new molecules and materials. In real-world applications, the design problem is often domain-specific, and suffers from insufficient data, particularly labeled data, for ML…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Ming Han , Ge Sun , Juan J. de Pablo

We tackle the problem of protein secondary structure prediction using a common task framework. This lead to the introduction of multiple ideas for neural architectures based on state of the art building blocks, used in this task for the…

Protein sequence design must balance designability, defined as the ability to recover a target backbone, with multiple, often competing, developability properties such as solubility, thermostability, and expression. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiaoyang Hou , Junqi Liu , Chence Shi , Xin Liu , Zhi Yang , Jian Tang

Generating molecular graphs is crucial in drug design and discovery but remains challenging due to the complex interdependencies between nodes and edges. While diffusion models have demonstrated their potentiality in molecular graph design,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Xiaoyang Hou , Tian Zhu , Milong Ren , Dongbo Bu , Xin Gao , Chunming Zhang , Shiwei Sun

AlphaFold has transformed protein structure prediction, but emerging applications such as virtual ligand screening, proteome-wide folding, and de novo binder design demand predictions at a massive scale, where runtime and memory costs…

A novel approach for structure alignment is presented, where the key ingredients are: (1) An error function formulation of the problem simultaneously in terms of binary (Potts) assignment variables and real-valued atomic coordinates. (2)…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Ohlsson , C. Peterson , M. Ringner , R. Blankenbecler

The Program Semantic Graph (PSG) introduced in prior work on Dimensional Type Systems and Deterministic Memory Management encodes compilation-relevant properties as binary edge relations between computation nodes. This representation is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Houston Haynes

Protein representation and potential function are essential ingredients for studying proteins folding and protein prediction. We introduce a novel geometric representation of contact interactions using the edge simplices from alpha shape of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiang Li , Changyu Hu , Jie Liang

Protein design is a fundamental challenge in biotechnology, aiming to design novel sequences with specific functions within the vast space of possible proteins. Recent advances in deep generative models have enabled function-based protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nuowei Liu , Jiahao Kuang , Yanting Liu , Tao Ji , Changzhi Sun , Man Lan , Yuanbin Wu

Backpropagation, a foundational algorithm for training artificial neural networks, predominates in contemporary deep learning. Although highly successful, it is widely considered biologically implausible, because it relies on precise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Li Ji-An , Marcus K. Benna

The design of \emph{de novo} functional proteins that bind specific ligand molecules is paramount in therapeutics and bio-engineering. A critical yet formidable task in this endeavor is the design of the protein pocket, which is the cavity…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-23 Zaixi Zhang , Zepu Lu , Zhongkai Hao , Marinka Zitnik , Qi Liu

Much scientific enquiry across disciplines is founded upon a mechanistic treatment of dynamic systems that ties form to function. A highly visible instance of this is in molecular biology, where an important goal is to determine…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-17 Xiaojie Guo , Yuanqi Du , Sivani Tadepalli , Liang Zhao , Amarda Shehu

Sampling useful three-dimensional molecular structures along with their most favorable conformations is a key challenge in drug discovery. Current state-of-the-art 3D de-novo design flow matching or diffusion-based models are limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Riccardo Tedoldi , Ola Engkvist , Patrick Bryant , Hossein Azizpour , Jon Paul Janet , Alessandro Tibo

Accurate RNA structure modeling remains difficult because RNA backbones are highly flexible, non-canonical interactions are prevalent, and experimentally determined 3D structures are comparatively scarce. We introduce \emph{RiboSphere}, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhou Zhang , Hanqun Cao , Cheng Tan , Fang Wu , Pheng Ann Heng , Tianfan Fu

Although machine learning has transformed protein structure prediction of folded protein ground states with remarkable accuracy, intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs/IDRs) are defined by diverse and dynamical structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-01 Oufan Zhang , Zi Hao Liu , Julie D Forman-Kay , Teresa Head-Gordon

Flow models are effective at progressively generating realistic images, but they generally struggle to capture long-range dependencies during the generation process as they compress all the information from previous time steps into a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mude Hui , Rui-Jie Zhu , Songlin Yang , Yu Zhang , Zirui Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Jason Eshraghian , Cihang Xie

Proteins are dynamic, adopting ensembles of conformations. The nature of this conformational heterogenity is imprinted in the raw electron density measurements obtained from X-ray crystallography experiments. Fitting an ensemble of protein…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-19 Sai Advaith Maddipatla , Nadav Bojan Sellam , Sanketh Vedula , Ailie Marx , Alex Bronstein

The inverse design of microstructures plays a pivotal role in optimizing metamaterials with specific, targeted physical properties. While traditional forward design methods are constrained by their inability to explore the vast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Tianyang Xue , Haochen Li , Longdu Liu , Paul Henderson , Pengbin Tang , Lin Lu , Jikai Liu , Haisen Zhao , Hao Peng , Bernd Bickel