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Currently, the most dominant approach to establishing language-image alignment is to pre-train text and image encoders jointly through contrastive learning, such as CLIP and its variants. In this work, we question whether such a costly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jingfeng Yang , Ziyang Wu , Yue Zhao , Yi Ma

Is vision good enough for language? Recent advancements in multimodal models primarily stem from the powerful reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the visual component typically depends only on the instance-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shengbang Tong , Zhuang Liu , Yuexiang Zhai , Yi Ma , Yann LeCun , Saining Xie

Aligning visual features with language embeddings is a key challenge in vision-language models (VLMs). The performance of such models hinges on having a good connector that maps visual features generated by a vision encoder to a shared…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are experiencing rapid growth, yielding a plethora of noteworthy contributions in recent months. The prevailing trend involves adopting data-driven methodologies, wherein diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xin He , Longhui Wei , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

As the key component in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), the ability of the visual encoder greatly affects MLLM's understanding on diverse image content. Although some large-scale pretrained vision encoders such as vision encoders…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Zhuofan Zong , Bingqi Ma , Dazhong Shen , Guanglu Song , Hao Shao , Dongzhi Jiang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

Masked language modeling (MLM) has been one of the most popular pretraining recipes in natural language processing, e.g., BERT, one of the representative models. Recently, contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) has also attracted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Zhihong Chen , Guiming Hardy Chen , Shizhe Diao , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in a large number of downstream tasks. Nonetheless, compositional image understanding remains a rather difficult task due to the object bias present in training data. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Matteo Nulli , Anesa Ibrahimi , Avik Pal , Hoshe Lee , Ivona Najdenkoska

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, their visual encoders frequently remain a performance bottleneck. Conventional CLIP-based encoders struggle with dense spatial tasks due to the loss of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Peisen Zhao , Xiaopeng Zhang , Mingxing Xu , Ruoyu Sun , Zewei Du , Dunzheng Wang , Guanghao Zheng , Haohang Xu , Zhibo Zhang , Yuhang Zhang , Yi Ai , Lin Liu , Qi Tian

In recent times, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been trained under two predominant paradigms. Generative training has enabled Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to tackle various complex tasks, yet issues such as hallucinations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Wei Chow , Juncheng Li , Qifan Yu , Kaihang Pan , Hao Fei , Zhiqi Ge , Shuai Yang , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang , Qianru Sun

Vision-language models such as CLIP have shown impressive capabilities in encoding texts and images into aligned embeddings, enabling the retrieval of multimodal data in a shared embedding space. However, these embedding-based models still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Timothy Ossowski , Ming Jiang , Junjie Hu

Image classification is one of the most fundamental capabilities of machine vision intelligence. In this work, we revisit the image classification task using visually-grounded language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4V and LLaVA. We find that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yuhui Zhang , Alyssa Unell , Xiaohan Wang , Dhruba Ghosh , Yuchang Su , Ludwig Schmidt , Serena Yeung-Levy

Contrastive cross-modal models such as CLIP and CLAP aid various vision-language (VL) and audio-language (AL) tasks. However, there has been limited investigation of and improvement in their language encoder, which is the central component…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mengjie Zhao , Junya Ono , Zhi Zhong , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Takashi Shibuya , Hiromi Wakaki , Yuki Mitsufuji

Vision-language models, such as CLIP, have achieved significant success in aligning visual and textual representations, becoming essential components of many multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) like LLaVA and OpenFlamingo. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shizhan Gong , Yankai Jiang , Qi Dou , Farzan Farnia

Most existing Vision-and-Language (V&L) models rely on pre-trained visual encoders, using a relatively small set of manually-annotated data (as compared to web-crawled data), to perceive the visual world. However, it has been observed that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Sheng Shen , Liunian Harold Li , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Anna Rohrbach , Kai-Wei Chang , Zhewei Yao , Kurt Keutzer

Large-scale contrastive pre-training produces powerful Vision-and-Language Models (VLMs) capable of generating representations (embeddings) effective for a wide variety of visual and multimodal tasks. However, these pretrained embeddings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Nikolaos-Antonios Ypsilantis , Kaifeng Chen , André Araujo , Ondřej Chum

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made substantial progress across a wide range of visual question answering benchmarks, spanning visual reasoning, document understanding, and multimodal dialogue. These improvements are evident in a wide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dhruba Ghosh , Yuhui Zhang , Ludwig Schmidt

Contemporary large-scale visual language models (VLMs) exhibit strong representation capacities, making them ubiquitous for enhancing image and text understanding tasks. They are often trained in a contrastive manner on a large and diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ugur Sahin , Hang Li , Qadeer Khan , Daniel Cremers , Volker Tresp

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Recently, large language and vision models (LLVMs) have received significant attention and development efforts due to their remarkable generalization performance across a wide range of tasks requiring perception and cognitive abilities. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Young-Jun Lee , Byungsoo Ko , Han-Gyu Kim , Yechan Hwang , Ho-Jin Choi