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Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hangfan Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Zhimeng Guo , Huaisheng Zhu , Shicheng Liu , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Language systems have been of great interest to the research community and have recently reached the mass market through various assistant platforms on the web. Reinforcement Learning methods that optimize dialogue policies have seen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Floris den Hengst , Mark Hoogendoorn , Frank van Harmelen , Joost Bosman

Large Language Model (LLM)-enhanced agents become increasingly prevalent in Human-AI communication, offering vast potential from entertainment to professional domains. However, current multi-modal dialogue systems overlook the acoustic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Haoqiu Yan , Yongxin Zhu , Kai Zheng , Bing Liu , Haoyu Cao , Deqiang Jiang , Linli Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in communicating with humans. Their potential use as artificial partners with humans in sociological experiments involving conversation is an exciting prospect. But how viable is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 James Flamino , Mohammed Shahid Modi , Boleslaw K. Szymanski , Brendan Cross , Colton Mikolajczyk

While reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved notable success in various domains, training effective policies for complex tasks remains challenging. Agents often converge to local optima and fail to maximize long-term rewards. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Heng Tan , Hua Yan , Yu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as conversational partners for learning, yet the interactional dynamics supporting users' learning and engagement are understudied. We analyze the linguistic and interactional features from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shaz Furniturewala , Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances, enabling them to assist humans in diverse complex tasks and leading to a revolution in human-AI coordination. LLM-powered agents typically require invoking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jijia Liu , Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Yuqing Xie , Qingmin Liao , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

Recent LLM (Large Language Models) advancements benefit many fields such as education and finance, but HR has hundreds of repetitive processes, such as access requests, medical claim filing and time-off submissions, which are unaddressed.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Weijie Xu , Jay Desai , Fanyou Wu , Josef Valvoda , Srinivasan H. Sengamedu

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

We propose a reinforcement learning-based approach to optimize conversational strategies for product recommendation across diverse industries. As organizations increasingly adopt intelligent agents to support sales and service operations,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kang Liu

With growing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) comes growing affordances for human-like and context-aware conversational partners. On from this, some recent work has investigated the use of LLMs to simulate multiple…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Samuel Rhys Cox

Human conversation involves language, speech, and visual cues, with each medium providing complementary information. For instance, speech conveys a vibe or tone not fully captured by text alone. While multimodal LLMs focus on generating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Taesoo Kim , Yongsik Jo , Hyunmin Song , Taehwan Kim

Language models (LMs) are trained on collections of documents, written by individual human agents to achieve specific goals in an outside world. During training, LMs have access only to text of these documents, with no direct evidence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Jacob Andreas

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems where agents communicate in natural language to solve tasks jointly. A key capability in such systems is consensus formation, where agents iteratively exchange…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaolin Sun , Zixuan Liu , Yibin Hu , Zizhan Zheng

We consider the issue of multiple agents learning to communicate through reinforcement learning within partially observable environments, with a focus on information asymmetry in the second part of our work. We provide a review of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mohamed Salah Zaïem , Etienne Bennequin

Large language models (LLMs), optimized through human feedback, have rapidly emerged as a leading paradigm for developing intelligent conversational assistants. However, despite their strong performance across many benchmarks, LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maximillian Chen , Ruoxi Sun , Tomas Pfister , Sercan Ö. Arık

Recommender models excel at providing domain-specific item recommendations by leveraging extensive user behavior data. Despite their ability to act as lightweight domain experts, they struggle to perform versatile tasks such as providing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Xu Huang , Jianxun Lian , Yuxuan Lei , Jing Yao , Defu Lian , Xing Xie

Writing well requires not only expressing ideas but also refining them through revision, a process facilitated by reflection. Prior research suggests that feedback delivered through dialogues, such as those in writing center tutoring…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jiho Kim , Philippe Laban , Xiang 'Anthony' Chen , Kenneth C. Arnold

This paper delves into the dynamic landscape of artificial intelligence, specifically focusing on the burgeoning prominence of large language models (LLMs). We underscore the pivotal role of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Dana Alsagheer , Rabimba Karanjai , Nour Diallo , Weidong Shi , Yang Lu , Suha Beydoun , Qiaoning Zhang
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