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Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed agent-agent and human-agent interaction by enabling software, physical, and simulation agents to communicate and deliberate through natural language. Yet fluent language use does not by itself…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Önder Gürcan , Moharram Challenger

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising basis for creating agents that can tackle complex tasks through iterative environmental interaction. Existing methods either require these agents to mimic expert-provided trajectories or rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Dihong Gong , Pu Lu , Zelong Wang , Meng Zhou , Xiuqiang He

While both agent interaction and personalisation are vibrant topics in research on large language models (LLMs), there has been limited focus on the effect of language interaction on the behaviour of persona-conditioned LLM agents. Such an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ivar Frisch , Mario Giulianelli

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) in downstream tasks. However, SFT can have difficulty generalizing when the underlying data distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Mrinal Rawat , Arkajyoti Chakraborty , Neha Gupta , Roberto Pieraccini

Reinforcement Learning (RL) plays an important role in the robotic manipulation domain since it allows self-learning from trial-and-error interactions with the environment. Still, sample efficiency and reward specification seriously limit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Kun Chu , Xufeng Zhao , Cornelius Weber , Mengdi Li , Stefan Wermter

Creating effective dialogue systems for mental health support requires high-quality multi-turn counseling dialogue data, yet collecting real counselor-client conversations presents significant challenges, including privacy concerns, high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Huachuan Qiu , Zhenzhong Lan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling complex medical decision-making problems such as treatment planning, personalized medicine, and optimizing the scheduling of surgeries and appointments. It has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ying Liu , Haozhu Wang , Huixue Zhou , Mingchen Li , Yu Hou , Sicheng Zhou , Fang Wang , Rama Hoetzlein , Rui Zhang

Companies across all economic sectors continue to deploy large language models at a rapid pace. Reinforcement learning is experiencing a resurgence of interest due to its association with the fine-tuning of language models from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 David Byrd

Powerful large language models (LLMs) from different providers have been expensively trained and finetuned to specialize across varying domains. In this work, we introduce a new kind of Conductor model trained with reinforcement learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Stefan Nielsen , Edoardo Cetin , Peter Schwendeman , Qi Sun , Jinglue Xu , Yujin Tang

Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) has emerged as a promising approach in improving the transparency of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. However, there remains a gap between complex RL policies and domain experts, due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haechang Kim , Hao Chen , Can Li , Jong Min Lee

Mathematical models of interactions among rational agents have long been studied in game theory. However these interactions are often over a small set of discrete game actions which is very different from how humans communicate in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Ian Gemp , Roma Patel , Yoram Bachrach , Marc Lanctot , Vibhavari Dasagi , Luke Marris , Georgios Piliouras , Siqi Liu , Karl Tuyls

Animating and simulating crowds using an agent-based approach is a well-established area where every agent in the crowd is individually controlled such that global human-like behaviour emerges. We observe that human navigation and movement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yibo Liu , Liam Shatzel , Brandon Haworth , Teseo Schneider

A broad use case of large language models (LLMs) is in goal-directed decision-making tasks (or "agent" tasks), where an LLM needs to not just generate completions for a given prompt, but rather make intelligent decisions over a multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yifei Zhou , Andrea Zanette , Jiayi Pan , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Training agents to act competently in complex 3D environments from high-dimensional visual information is challenging. Reinforcement learning is conventionally used to train such agents, but requires a carefully designed reward function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Adam Jelley , Yuhan Cao , Dave Bignell , Amos Storkey , Sam Devlin , Tabish Rashid

A burgeoning area within reinforcement learning (RL) is the design of sequential decision-making agents centered around large language models (LLMs). While autonomous decision-making agents powered by modern LLMs could facilitate numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dilip Arumugam , Thomas L. Griffiths

Dialog management (DM) is a crucial component in a task-oriented dialog system. Given the dialog history, DM predicts the dialog state and decides the next action that the dialog agent should take. Recently, dialog policy learning has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yinpei Dai , Huihua Yu , Yixuan Jiang , Chengguang Tang , Yongbin Li , Jian Sun

An important aspect of developing conversational agents is to give a bot the ability to improve through communicating with humans and to learn from the mistakes that it makes. Most research has focused on learning from fixed training sets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Jiwei Li , Alexander H. Miller , Sumit Chopra , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Jason Weston

Recent advancements in natural language processing, particularly with large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, have significantly enhanced dialogue systems, enabling them to generate more natural and fluent conversations. Despite these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyang Qi , Michimasa Inaba

High-quality dialogue is crucial for e-commerce customer service, yet traditional intent-based systems struggle with dynamic, multi-turn interactions. We present MindFlow+, a self-evolving dialogue agent that learns domain-specific behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Ming Gong , Xucheng Huang , Ziheng Xu , Vijayan K. Asari

We develop assistive agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) that aid interlocutors in business negotiations. Specifically, we simulate business negotiations by letting two LLM-based agents engage in role play. A third LLM acts as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuncheng Hua , Lizhen Qu , Gholamreza Haffari
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