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Most large language models (LLMs) are trained once and never updated; thus, they lack the ability to dynamically adapt to our ever-changing world. In this work, we perform a detailed study of the factuality of LLM-generated text in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Tu Vu , Mohit Iyyer , Xuezhi Wang , Noah Constant , Jerry Wei , Jason Wei , Chris Tar , Yun-Hsuan Sung , Denny Zhou , Quoc Le , Thang Luong

Indirectness is a common feature of daily communication, yet is underexplored in NLP research for both low-resource as well as high-resource languages. Indirect Question Answering (IQA) aims at classifying the polarity of indirect answers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Miriam Winkler , Verena Blaschke , Barbara Plank

We introduce REALTIME QA, a dynamic question answering (QA) platform that announces questions and evaluates systems on a regular basis (weekly in this version). REALTIME QA inquires about the current world, and QA systems need to answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Jungo Kasai , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Yoichi Takahashi , Ronan Le Bras , Akari Asai , Xinyan Yu , Dragomir Radev , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi , Kentaro Inui

Long-form factuality evaluation assesses the ability of models to generate accurate, comprehensive responses to short prompts. Existing benchmarks often lack human verification, leading to potential quality issues. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mingda Chen , Yang Li , Xilun Chen , Adina Williams , Gargi Ghosh , Scott Yih

Medical question-answering (QA) is a critical task for evaluating how effectively large language models (LLMs) encode clinical knowledge and assessing their potential applications in medicine. Despite showing promise on multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Guangfu Guo , Kai Zhang , Bryan Hoo , Yujun Cai , Xiaoqian Lu , Nanyun Peng , Yiwei Wang

Large language models that enhance software development tasks, such as code generation, code completion, and code question answering (QA), have been extensively studied in both academia and the industry. The models are integrated into…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Jialiang Chen , Kaifa Zhao , Jie Liu , Chao Peng , Jierui Liu , Hang Zhu , Pengfei Gao , Ping Yang , Shuiguang Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a range of scientific tasks including mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Despite their successes, the effectiveness of LLMs in handling complex statistical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yizhang Zhu , Shiyin Du , Boyan Li , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Long-form question answering (LFQA) aims at generating in-depth answers to end-user questions, providing relevant information beyond the direct answer. However, existing retrievers are typically optimized towards information that directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Philipp Christmann , Svitlana Vakulenko , Ionut Teodor Sorodoc , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Traditional fact-checking relies on humans to formulate relevant and targeted fact-checking questions (FCQs), search for evidence, and verify the factuality of claims. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have been commonly used to automate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Alimohammad Beigi , Bohan Jiang , Dawei Li , Zhen Tan , Pouya Shaeri , Tharindu Kumarage , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

We present FoQA, a Faroese extractive question-answering (QA) dataset with 2,000 samples, created using a semi-automated approach combining Large Language Models (LLMs) and human validation. The dataset was generated from Faroese Wikipedia…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Annika Simonsen , Dan Saattrup Nielsen , Hafsteinn Einarsson

Large language models (LLMs) need to serve everyone, including a global majority of non-English speakers. However, most LLMs today, and open LLMs in particular, are often intended for use in just English (e.g. Llama2, Mistral) or a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Carolin Holtermann , Paul Röttger , Timm Dill , Anne Lauscher

Humans gather information by engaging in conversations involving a series of interconnected questions and answers. For machines to assist in information gathering, it is therefore essential to enable them to answer conversational questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Siva Reddy , Danqi Chen , Christopher D. Manning

The evaluation of factual accuracy in large vision language models (LVLMs) has lagged behind their rapid development, making it challenging to fully reflect these models' knowledge capacity and reliability. In this paper, we introduce the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on standard reasoning and question-answering benchmarks, yet such evaluations often fail to capture their ability to handle long-tail, expertise-intensive knowledge in real-world professional…

While day-to-day questions come with a variety of answer types, the current question-answering (QA) literature has failed to adequately address the answer diversity of questions. To this end, we present GooAQ, a large-scale dataset with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Daniel Khashabi , Amos Ng , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Chris Callison-Burch

As scientific knowledge grows at an unprecedented pace, evaluation benchmarks must evolve to reflect new discoveries and ensure language models are tested on current, diverse literature. We propose a scalable, modular framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ozan Gokdemir , Neil Getty , Robert Underwood , Sandeep Madireddy , Franck Cappello , Arvind Ramanathan , Ian T. Foster , Rick L. Stevens

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the boundaries of natural language processing, especially in long-context understanding. However, the evaluation of these models' long-context abilities remains a challenge due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Cunxiang Wang , Ruoxi Ning , Boqi Pan , Tonghui Wu , Qipeng Guo , Cheng Deng , Guangsheng Bao , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Qian Wang , Yue Zhang

One of the most widely used tasks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA). While open-ended question answering tasks are more challenging to evaluate, MCQA tasks are, in principle, easier to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Francesco Maria Molfese , Luca Moroni , Luca Gioffré , Alessandro Scirè , Simone Conia , Roberto Navigli

Automatic fact-checking plays a crucial role in combating the spread of misinformation. Large Language Models (LLMs) and Instruction-Following variants, such as InstructGPT and Alpaca, have shown remarkable performance in various natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Tsun-Hin Cheung , Kin-Man Lam

This research introduces DesignQA, a novel benchmark aimed at evaluating the proficiency of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in comprehending and applying engineering requirements in technical documentation. Developed with a focus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Anna C. Doris , Daniele Grandi , Ryan Tomich , Md Ferdous Alam , Mohammadmehdi Ataei , Hyunmin Cheong , Faez Ahmed
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