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Despite their sophisticated capabilities, large language models (LLMs) encounter a major hurdle in effective assessment. This paper first revisits the prevalent evaluation method-multiple choice question answering (MCQA), which allows for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Fangyun Wei , Xi Chen , Lin Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across various tasks, but their tendency to produce hallucinations limits reliable adoption. Benchmarks such as TruthfulQA have been developed to measure truthfulness, yet they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Lorenzo Alfred Nery , Ronald Dawson Catignas , Thomas James Tiam-Lee

A key limitation in current datasets for multi-hop reasoning is that the required steps for answering the question are mentioned in it explicitly. In this work, we introduce StrategyQA, a question answering (QA) benchmark where the required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Mor Geva , Daniel Khashabi , Elad Segal , Tushar Khot , Dan Roth , Jonathan Berant

Long-form question answering (LFQA) poses a challenge as it involves generating detailed answers in the form of paragraphs, which go beyond simple yes/no responses or short factual answers. While existing QA models excel in questions with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Pritom Saha Akash , Kashob Kumar Roy , Lucian Popa , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

State-of-the-art extractive question-answering models achieve superhuman performances on the SQuAD benchmark. Yet, they are unreasonably heavy and need expensive GPU computing to answer questions in a reasonable time. Thus, they cannot be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sofian Chaybouti , Achraf Saghe , Aymen Shabou

Large language models are playing an increasingly significant role in molecular research, yet existing models often generate erroneous information, posing challenges to accurate molecular comprehension. Traditional evaluation metrics for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Xingyu Lu , He Cao , Zijing Liu , Shengyuan Bai , Leqing Chen , Yuan Yao , Hai-Tao Zheng , Yu Li

Question Answering (QA) is a longstanding challenge in natural language processing. Existing QA works mostly focus on specific question types, knowledge domains, or reasoning skills. The specialty in QA research hinders systems from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Wanjun Zhong , Yifan Gao , Ning Ding , Yujia Qin , Zhiyuan Liu , Ming Zhou , Jiahai Wang , Jian Yin , Nan Duan

In this paper, we introduce SecQA, a novel dataset tailored for evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the domain of computer security. Utilizing multiple-choice questions generated by GPT-4 based on the "Computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zefang Liu

The field of Question Answering (QA) has made remarkable progress in recent years, thanks to the advent of large pre-trained language models, newer realistic benchmark datasets with leaderboards, and novel algorithms for key components such…

Question answering (QA) models have shown rapid progress enabled by the availability of large, high-quality benchmark datasets. Such annotated datasets are difficult and costly to collect, and rarely exist in languages other than English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Patrick Lewis , Barlas Oğuz , Ruty Rinott , Sebastian Riedel , Holger Schwenk

Sample efficiency is a crucial property of language models with practical implications for training efficiency. In real-world text, information follows a long-tailed distribution. Yet, we expect models to learn and recall frequent and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Daniel Christoph , Max Ploner , Patrick Haller , Alan Akbik

This work focuses on answering single-relation factoid questions over Freebase. Each question can acquire the answer from a single fact of form (subject, predicate, object) in Freebase. This task, simple question answering (SimpleQA), can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Wenpeng Yin , Mo Yu , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou , Hinrich Schütze

We introduce SealQA, a new challenge benchmark for evaluating SEarch-Augmented Language models on fact-seeking questions where web search yields conflicting, noisy, or unhelpful results. SealQA comes in three flavors: (1) Seal-0 (main) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Thinh Pham , Nguyen Nguyen , Pratibha Zunjare , Weiyuan Chen , Yu-Min Tseng , Tu Vu

We propose a benchmark to assess the capability of large language models to reason with conventional metaphors. Our benchmark combines the previously isolated topics of metaphor detection and commonsense reasoning into a single task that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Iulia-Maria Comsa , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Srini Narayanan

Video Question Answering (VideoQA) is a challenging task that entails complex multi-modal reasoning. In contrast to multiple-choice VideoQA which aims to predict the answer given several options, the goal of open-ended VideoQA is to answer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Dohwan Ko , Ji Soo Lee , Miso Choi , Jaewon Chu , Jihwan Park , Hyunwoo J. Kim

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly contributed to the development of equitable AI systems capable of factual question-answering (QA). However, no known study tests the LLMs' robustness when presented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shubhra Ghosh , Abhilekh Borah , Aditya Kumar Guru , Kripabandhu Ghosh

The task of learning from only a few examples (called a few-shot setting) is of key importance and relevance to a real-world setting. For question answering (QA), the current state-of-the-art pre-trained models typically need fine-tuning on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Rakesh Chada , Pradeep Natarajan

Long-form question answering (LFQA) enables answering a wide range of questions, but its flexibility poses enormous challenges for evaluation. We perform the first targeted study of the evaluation of long-form answers, covering both human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Fangyuan Xu , Yixiao Song , Mohit Iyyer , Eunsol Choi

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to answer natural language questions based on facts in knowledge bases. A typical approach to KBQA is semantic parsing, which translates a question into an executable logical form in a formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jinxin Liu , Shulin Cao , Jiaxin Shi , Tingjian Zhang , Lunyiu Nie , Linmei Hu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Question answering (QA) systems provide a way of querying the information available in various formats including, but not limited to, unstructured and structured data in natural languages. It constitutes a considerable part of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Munazza Zaib , Wei Emma Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng , Adnan Mahmood , Yang Zhang