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Related papers: A Collaborative Content Moderation Framework for T…

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In order to perform multimodal fusion of heterogeneous signals, we need to understand their interactions: how each modality individually provides information useful for a task and how this information changes in the presence of other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Paul Pu Liang , Yun Cheng , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency

Large language models offer a scalable alternative to human coding for data annotation tasks, enabling the scale-up of research across data-intensive domains. While LLMs are already achieving near-human accuracy on objective annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhen Xu , Vedant Khatri , Yijun Dai , Xiner Liu , Siyan Li , Xuanming Zhang , Renzhe Yu

Platforms that support online commentary, from social networks to news sites, are increasingly leveraging machine learning to assist their moderation efforts. But this process does not typically provide feedback to the author that would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Leo Laugier , John Pavlopoulos , Jeffrey Sorensen , Lucas Dixon

The reliability of supervised machine learning systems depends on the accuracy and availability of ground truth labels. However, the process of human annotation, being prone to error, introduces the potential for noisy labels, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 David Tschirschwitz , Christian Benz , Morris Florek , Henrik Norderhus , Benno Stein , Volker Rodehorst

The paper describes the work that has been submitted to the 5th workshop on Challenges and Applications of Automated Extraction of socio-political events from text (CASE 2022). The work is associated with Subtask 1 of Shared Task 3 that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Quynh Anh Nguyen , Arka Mitra

Auto-annotation by ensemble of models is an efficient method of learning on unlabeled data. Wrong or inaccurate annotations generated by the ensemble may lead to performance degradation of the trained model. To deal with this problem we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Dror Simon , Miriam Farber , Roman Goldenberg

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance on zero-shot annotation tasks, they often struggle with the specialized conventions of gold-standard benchmarks. We propose the systematic reuse and refinement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Kon Woo Kim , Jin-Dong Kim , Akiko Aizawa

Abusive language is a massive problem in online social platforms. Existing abusive language detection techniques are particularly ill-suited to comments containing heterogeneous abusive language patterns, i.e., both abusive and non-abusive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Hongyu Gong , Alberto Valido , Katherine M. Ingram , Giulia Fanti , Suma Bhat , Dorothy L. Espelage

Large Language Models have demonstrated impressive fluency across diverse tasks, yet their tendency to produce toxic content remains a critical challenge for AI safety and public trust. Existing toxicity mitigation approaches primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zuhair Hasan Shaik , Abdullah Mazhar , Aseem Srivastava , Md Shad Akhtar

One trending application of LLM (large language model) is to use it for content moderation in online platforms. Most current studies on this application have focused on the metric of accuracy -- the extent to which LLMs make correct…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tao Huang

Related video recommendations commonly use collaborative filtering (CF) driven by co-engagement signals, often resulting in recommendations lacking semantic coherence and exhibiting strong popularity bias. This paper introduces a novel…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Amit Jaspal , Feng Zhang , Wei Chang , Sumit Kumar , Yubo Wang , Roni Mittleman , Qifan Wang , Weize Mao

The proliferation of online toxic speech is a pertinent problem posing threats to demographic groups. While explicit toxic speech contains offensive lexical signals, implicit one consists of coded or indirect language. Therefore, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Nhat M. Hoang , Xuan Long Do , Duc Anh Do , Duc Anh Vu , Luu Anh Tuan

Recommender systems increasingly incorporate textual reviews to enrich user and item representations. However, most review-aware models remain optimized for rating prediction rather than ranking quality. This misalignment limits their…

Annotation bias in NLP datasets remains a major challenge for developing multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in culturally diverse settings. Bias from task framing, annotator subjectivity, and cultural mismatches can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xia Cui , Ziyi Huang , Naeemeh Adel

Social platforms have revolutionized information sharing, but also accelerated the dissemination of harmful and policy-violating content. To ensure safety and compliance at scale, moderation systems must go beyond efficiency and offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Anqi Li , Wenwei Jin , Jintao Tong , Pengda Qin , Weijia Li , Guo Lu

Numerous multimodal misinformation benchmarks exhibit bias toward specific modalities, allowing detectors to make predictions based solely on one modality. While previous research has quantified bias at the dataset level or manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hehai Lin , Hui Liu , Shilei Cao , Jing Li , Haoliang Li , Wenya Wang

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems rely heavily on human-annotated data for training and evaluation. A major challenge in this context is the occurrence of annotation errors, as their effects can degrade model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Heinrich Peters , Alireza Hashemi , James Rae

Grounded text generation, encompassing tasks such as long-form question-answering and summarization, necessitates both content selection and content consolidation. Current end-to-end methods are difficult to control and interpret due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Aviv Slobodkin , Ori Shapira , Ran Levy , Ido Dagan

Precisely naming the action depicted in a video can be a challenging and oftentimes ambiguous task. In contrast to object instances represented as nouns (e.g. dog, cat, chair, etc.), in the case of actions, human annotators typically lack a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Kiyoon Kim , Davide Moltisanti , Oisin Mac Aodha , Laura Sevilla-Lara

Detecting which parts of a sentence contribute to that sentence's toxicity -- rather than providing a sentence-level verdict of hatefulness -- would increase the interpretability of models and allow human moderators to better understand the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Alireza Salemi , Nazanin Sabri , Emad Kebriaei , Behnam Bahrak , Azadeh Shakery