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This paper proposes and studies a general form of dynamic $N$-player non-cooperative games called $\alpha$-potential games, where the change of a player's value function upon her unilateral deviation from her strategy is equal to the change…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Xin Guo , Xinyu Li , Yufei Zhang

This paper proposes Hodge Potential Choice (HPC), a new solution for abstract games with irreflexive dominance relations. This solution is formulated by involving geometric tools like differential forms and Hodge decomposition onto abstract…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-07-17 Yihao Luo , Jinhui Pang , Weibin Han , Huafei Sun

Self-play is a technique for machine learning in multi-agent systems where a learning algorithm learns by interacting with copies of itself. Self-play is useful for generating large quantities of data for learning, but has the drawback that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Revan MacQueen , James R. Wright

Learning processes in games explain how players grapple with one another in seeking an equilibrium. We study a natural model of learning based on individual gradients in two-player continuous games. In such games, the arguably natural…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Benjamin J. Chasnov , Daniel Calderone , Behçet Açıkmeşe , Samuel A. Burden , Lillian J. Ratliff

Computing stable partitions in hedonic games is a challenging task because there exist games in which stable outcomes do not exist. Even more, these No-instances can often be leveraged to prove computational hardness results. We make this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Valentin Zech , Martin Bullinger

The displacement field for three dimensional dynamic elasticity problems in the frequency domain can be decomposed into a sum of a longitudinal and a transversal part known as a Helmholtz decomposition. The Cartesian components of both the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Evert Klaseboer , Qiang Sun , Derek Y. C. Chan

The usual Helmholtz decomposition gives a decomposition of any vector valued function into a sum of gradient of a scalar function and rotation of a vector valued function under some mild condition. In this paper we show that the vector…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-06-29 Junyong Eom , Gen Nakamura

By resorting to the vector space structure of finite games, skew-symmetric games (SSGs) are proposed and investigated as a natural subspace of finite games. First of all, for two player games, it is shown that the skew-symmetric games form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-11 Yaqi Hao , Daizhan Cheng

With increasing game size, a problem of computational complexity arises. This is especially true in real world problems such as in social systems, where there is a significant population of players involved in the game, and the complexity…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Tatsuya Iwase , Takahiro Shiga

A wide array of modern machine learning applications - from adversarial models to multi-agent reinforcement learning - can be formulated as non-cooperative games whose Nash equilibria represent the system's desired operational states.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Iosif Sakos , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Georgios Piliouras

The Hodge decomposition provides a very powerful mathematical method for the analysis of 2D and 3D vector fields. It states roughly that any vector field can be $L^2$-orthogonally decomposed into a curl-free, divergence-free, and a harmonic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Faniry H. Razafindrazaka , Konstantin Poelke , Konrad Polthier , Leonid Goubergrits

Existing settings of decentralized learning either require players to have full information or the system to have certain special structure that may be hard to check and hinder their applicability to practical systems. To overcome this, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Yan Jiang , Wenqi Cui , Baosen Zhang , Jorge Cortés

There are significant differences between Helmholtz and Hodge's decomposition theorems, but both share a common flavor. This paper is a first step to bring them together. We here produce Helmholtz theorems for differential 1-forms and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-04-22 Jose G. Vargas

This paper provides a decomposition technique for the purpose of simplifying the solution of certain zero-sum differential games. The games considered terminate when the state reaches a target, which can be expressed as the union of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-09-17 Adriano Festa , Richard Vinter

We introduce a new algorithm for the numerical computation of Nash equilibria of competitive two-player games. Our method is a natural generalization of gradient descent to the two-player setting where the update is given by the Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar

This paper introduces a novel method to extend the Helmholtz Decomposition to n-dimensional sufficiently smooth and fast decaying vector fields. The rotation is described by a superposition of n(n-1)/2 rotations within the coordinate…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Erhard Glötzl , Oliver Richters

We study the class of potential games that are also graphical games with respect to a given graph $G$ of connections between the players. We show that, up to strategic equivalence, this class of games can be identified with the set of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-27 Yakov Babichenko , Omer Tamuz

We study online optimization methods for zero-sum games, a fundamental problem in adversarial learning in machine learning, economics, and many other domains. Traditional methods approximate Nash equilibria (NE) using either regret-based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Taemin Kim , James P. Bailey

Helmholtz decomposition theorem for vector fields is presented usually with too strong restrictions on the fields. Based on the work of Blumenthal of 1905 it is shown that the decomposition of vector fields is not only possible for…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-10-15 D. Petrascheck , R. Folk

We train two neural networks adversarially to play static games. At each iteration, a row and column network observe a new random bimatrix game and output individual mixed strategies. The parameters of each network are independently updated…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-05-09 Daniele Condorelli , Massimiliano Furlan