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Recent developments in multi-agent imitation learning have shown promising results for modeling the behavior of human drivers. However, it is challenging to capture emergent traffic behaviors that are observed in real-world datasets. Such…

Human gaze is known to be an intention-revealing signal in human demonstrations of tasks. In this work, we use gaze cues from human demonstrators to enhance the performance of agents trained via three popular imitation learning methods --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Akanksha Saran , Ruohan Zhang , Elaine Schaertl Short , Scott Niekum

Exploration is critical to a reinforcement learning agent's performance in its given environment. Prior exploration methods are often based on using heuristic auxiliary predictions to guide policy behavior, lacking a mathematically-grounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Lisa Lee , Benjamin Eysenbach , Emilio Parisotto , Eric Xing , Sergey Levine , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Designing protocols enhancing cooperation for multi-agent systems remains a grand challenge. Cheap talk, defined as costless, non-binding communication before formal action, serves as a pivotal solution. However, existing theoretical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhao Song , Chen Shen , Zhen Wang , The Anh Han

Training for multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL) is a time-consuming process caused by distribution shift of each agent. One drawback is that strategy of each agent in MARL is independent but actually in cooperation. Thus, a vertical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Ke Zhang , DanDan Zhu , Qiuhan Xu , Hao Zhou , Ce Zheng

Intrinsic rewards for exploration in reinforcement learning condition on different contexts: lifelong rewards score each transition against accumulated experience but ignore within-rollout redundancy; episodic rewards penalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Tim Joseph , Marcus Fechner , Philipp Stegmaier , Karam Daaboul , J. Marius Zöllner

Developing Large Language Models (LLMs) to cooperate and compete effectively within multi-agent systems (MASs) is a critical step towards more advanced intelligence. While reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for enhancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Zheyue Tan , Xiangmin Yi , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Haojia Hui , Boxun Li , Xinlei Chen , Bo Zhao , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Humans excel in grasping objects through diverse and robust policies, many of which are so probabilistically rare that exploration-based learning methods hardly observe and learn. Inspired by the human learning process, we propose a method…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Chao Zhao , Chunli Jiang , Junhao Cai , Hongyu Yu , Michael Yu Wang , Qifeng Chen

Robotic agents performing domestic chores by natural language directives are required to master the complex job of navigating environment and interacting with objects in the environments. The tasks given to the agents are often composite…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Suvaansh Bhambri , Byeonghwi Kim , Jonghyun Choi

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, discovering successful collective behaviors is challenging as it requires exploring a joint action space that grows exponentially with the number of agents. While the tractability of independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Julien Roy , Paul Barde , Félix G. Harvey , Derek Nowrouzezahrai , Christopher Pal

A default assumption in the design of reinforcement-learning algorithms is that a decision-making agent always explores to learn optimal behavior. In sufficiently complex environments that approach the vastness and scale of the real world,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Dilip Arumugam , Saurabh Kumar , Ramki Gummadi , Benjamin Van Roy

Efficient exploration is critical for multiagent systems to discover coordinated strategies, particularly in open-ended domains such as search and rescue or planetary surveying. However, when exploration is encouraged only at the individual…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ayhan Alp Aydeniz , Robert Loftin , Kagan Tumer

Robust embodied navigation relies on complementary sensory cues. However, high-quality and well-aligned multi-modal data is often difficult to obtain in practice. Training a monolithic model is also challenging as rich multi-modal inputs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shuo Liu , Xinzichen Li , Christopher Amato

In order for artificial agents to coordinate effectively with people, they must act consistently with existing conventions (e.g. how to navigate in traffic, which language to speak, or how to coordinate with teammates). A group's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Adam Lerer , Alexander Peysakhovich

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmarks commonly emphasize aggregate outcomes such as return, success rate, or completion time. While essential, these metrics often fail to reveal how agents coordinate, particularly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maria Ana Cardei , Matthew Landers , Afsaneh Doryab

Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an emerging field that aims to learn optimal multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets. Compared to single-agent case, multi-agent setting involves a large joint state-action space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zongkai Liu , Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Xiawei Wu , Yile Liang , Donghui Li , Xuetao Ding

Multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms (MARL) have been demonstrated on complex tasks that require the coordination of a team of multiple agents to complete. Existing works have focused on sharing information between agents via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Samir Wadhwania , Dong-Ki Kim , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Jonathan P. How

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) suffers from a lack of commonly-used evaluation tasks and criteria, making comparisons between approaches difficult. In this work, we provide a systematic evaluation and comparison of three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Georgios Papoudakis , Filippos Christianos , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht

Exploration in decentralized cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning faces two challenges. One is that the novelty of global states is unavailable, while the novelty of local observations is biased. The other is how agents can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Haobin Jiang , Ziluo Ding , Zongqing Lu

Consider a typical organization whose worker agents seek to collectively cooperate for its general betterment. However, each individual agent simultaneously seeks to act to secure a larger chunk than its co-workers of the annual increment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Keyang He , Bikramjit Banerjee , Prashant Doshi