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Ultrafast lasers ($< 500$ fs) have enabled laser-matter interactions at intensities exceeding $10^{18} \rm{Wcm}^{-2}$ with only millijoules of laser energy. However, as pulse durations become shorter, larger spectral bandwidths are…
Laser-solid interaction can lead to the acceleration of protons to tens of MeV. Here, we show that a strong enhancement of this acceleration can be achieved by splitting the laser pulse to two parts of equal energy and opposite incidence…
The paper offers a discrete thermodynamic model of lasers. Laser is an open system; its equilibrium is based on a balance of two thermodynamic forces, one related to the incoming pumping power and another to the emitted light. The basic…
The influence of laser frequency on laser-driven ion acceleration is investigated by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. When ultrashort intense laser pulse at higher harmonic frequency irradiates a thin solid foil, the…
Radiation hydrodynamics simulations were used to study the effect of plastic ablators in laser-driven shock experiments. The sensitivity to composition and equation of state was found to be 5-10% in ablation pressure. As was found for…
A substantial increase in local laser intensity is observed in the near field behind a plasma shutter.This increase is caused by the interference of the diffracted light at the relativistic plasma aperture and it is studied both…
In a fusion reactor internally coated with liquid metal, it will be important to diagnose the thickness of the liquid at various locations in the vessel, as a function of time, and possibly respond to counteract undesired bulging or…
Battery interfaces critically influence lithium-metal battery performance through their role in ion diffusion and dendrite formation. However, structural characterization of these interfaces has remained challenging due to limitations in…
In the present work, the significance of various components (ground electrode material and its surface (knurling pitch size), power electrode material and type, and dielectric material) of dielectric barrier discharge plasma device (DBD-PD)…
We report on time-resolved measurements of electron number density by continuous-wave laser absorption in a low-energy nanosecond-scale laser-produced spark in atmospheric pressure air. Laser absorption is a result of free-free and…
Oxide-water interfaces govern a wide range of physical and chemical processes fundamental to many fields like catalysis, geochemistry, corrosion, electrochemistry, and sensor technology. Near solid oxide surfaces, water behaves differently…
Ionization, hydrocarbon breakdown, and other exotic processes can harm diode-pumped alkali laser (DPAL) performance and components. We develop a physical picture of these processes, including those that drive a non-Maxwell-Boltzmann…
Observing changes in molecular structure requires atomic-scale {\AA}ngstrom and femtosecond spatio-temporal resolution. We use the Fourier transform (FT) variant of laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED), FT-LIED, to directly retrieve…
We present an analytical theory that reveals the importance of the longitudinal laser electric field in the resonant acceleration of relativistic electrons by the tightly confined laser beam. It is shown that this field always counterworks…
Ionising radiation interactions in matter can trigger a cascade of processes that underpin long-lived damage in the medium. To date, however, a lack of suitable methodologies has precluded our ability to understand the role that material…
The optical response of traditional semiconductors depends on the laser excitation power used in experiments. For two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, laser excitation effects are anticipated to be vastly different due to complexity added…
We have investigated the nanostructure and microstructure resulting from ns laser irradiation simultaneous with deposition of Co films on Si(001) substrates. The spatial order and length scales of the resulting nanopatterns and their…
We study the ionization dynamics in intense laser-droplet interaction using three-dimensional, relativistic particle-in-cell simulations. Of particular interest is the laser intensity and frequency regime for which initially transparent,…
The quality of electron beams produced from plasma-based accelerators, i.e., normalized brightness and energy spread, has made transformative progress in the past several decades in both simulation and experiment. Recently, full-scale…
Infinite layer nickelates have garnered significant attention due to their potential for high-temperature superconductivity. Despite extensive research, the interplay between oxygen stoichiometry and electronic properties in infinite layer…