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In this paper we compute first and second Zagreb indices of commuting and non-commuting graphs of finite groups and determine several classes of finite groups such that their commuting and non-commuting graphs satisfy Hansen-Vuki\v{c}evi\'c…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-06 Shrabani Das , Arpita Sarkhel , Rajat Kanti Nath

Let $B$ be an equivalence relation defined on a finite group $G$. The $B$ super commuting graph on $G$ is a graph whose vertex set is $G$ and two distinct vertices $g$ and $h$ are adjacent if either $[g] = [h]$ or there exist $g' \in [g]$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Shrabani Das , Rajat Kanti Nath

Let $G$ be a group and $L(G)$ be the set of all subgroups of $G$. The subgroup generating bipartite graph $\mathcal{B}(G)$ defined on $G$ is a bipartite graph whose vertex set is partitioned into two sets $G \times G$ and $L(G)$, and two…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Shrabani Das , Ahmad Erfanian , Rajat Kanti Nath

In this paper we first show that among all double-toroidal and triple-toroidal finite graphs only $K_8 \sqcup 9K_1$, $K_8 \sqcup 5K_2$, $K_8 \sqcup 3K_4$, $K_8 \sqcup 9K_3$, $K_8\sqcup 9(K_1 \vee 3K_2)$, $3K_6$ and $3K_6 \sqcup 4K_4 \sqcup…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-17 Shrabani Das , Deiborlang Nongsiang , Rajat Kanti Nath

The complementary second Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is defined as $cM_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}|(d_u(G))^2-(d_v(G))^2|$, where $d_u(G)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $u$ in $G$ and $E(G)$ represents the edge set of $G$. Let $G^*$ be a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Hicham Saber , Tariq Alraqad , Akbar Ali , Abdulaziz M. Alanazi , Zahid Raza

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph with $n = |V|$ vertices and $m = |E|$ edges. The first and second Zagreb indices are among the oldest and the most famous topological indices, defined as $M_1 = \sum_{i \in V} d_i^2$ and $M_2 = \sum_{(i, j)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-22 Aleksandar Ilić , Dragan Stevanović

Let ${\mathcal G}_n$ be the set of class of graphs of order $n$. The first Zagreb index $M_1(G)$ is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index $M_2(G)$ is equal to the sum of the products of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Batmend Horoldagva , Kinkar Chandra Das

Let $L(G)$ be the set of all subgroups of a group $G$. The subgroup generating bipartite graph $\mathcal{B}(G)$ defined on $G$ is a bipartite graph whose vertex set is the union of two sets $G \times G$ and $L(G)$, and two vertices $(a, b)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shrabani Das , Ahmad Erfanian , Rajat Kanti Nath

In an earlier paper, the authors considered three types of graphs, and three equivalence relations, defined on a group, viz.\ the power graph, enhanced power graph, and commuting graph, and the relations of equality, conjugacy, and same…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-19 G. Arunkumar , Peter J. Cameron , Rajat Kanti Nath

The Graded Classification Conjecture (GCC) states that the pointed $K_0^{\operatorname{gr}}$-group is a complete invariant of the Leavitt path algebras of finite graphs when these algebras are considered with their natural grading by…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Lia Vas

The second Zagreb index of a graph G is denoted by $M_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}d(u)d(v)$. In this paper, we investigate properties of the extremal graphs with the maximum second Zagreb indices with given graphic sequences, in particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-30 Wei-Gang Yuan , Xiao-Dong Zhang

Let $\Gamma$ be a simple finite graph with vertex set $V(\Gamma)$ and edge set $E(\Gamma)$. Let $\mathcal{R}$ be an equivalence relation on $V(\Gamma)$. The $\mathcal{R}$-super $\Gamma$ graph $\Gamma^{\mathcal{R}}$ is a simple graph with…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Sandeep Dalal , Sanjay Mukherjee , Kamal Lochan

The non--commuting graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a non--abelian group $G$ is defined as follows. The vertex set $V(\Gamma(G))$ of $\Gamma(G)$ is $G\setminus Z(G)$ where $Z(G)$ denotes the center of $G$ and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-21 Luis A. Dupont , Daniel G. Mendoza , Armando Sánchez-Nungaray

There are several graphs defined on groups. Among them we consider graphs whose vertex set consists conjugacy classes of a group $G$ and adjacency is defined by properties of the elements of conjugacy classes. In particular, we consider…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-20 P. J. Cameron , F. E. Jannat , R. K. Nath , R. Sharafdini

In this paper, we consider commuting conjugacy class graph (abbreviated as CCC-graph) of a finite group $G$ which is a graph with vertex set $\{x^G : x \in G \setminus Z(G)\}$ (where $x^G$ denotes the conjugacy class containing $x$) and two…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Firdous Ee Jannat , Rajat Kanti Nath

Let $G$ be a finite group. The intersection graph of $G$ is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all proper non-trivial subgroups of $G$ and two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if and only if $H\cap K \neq \{e\}$, where $e$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Sanhan Khasraw

In this paper we introduce the graph $\Gamma_{sc}(G)$ associated with a group $G$, called the solvable conjugacy class graph (abbreviated as SCC-graph), whose vertices are the nontrivial conjugacy classes of $G$ and two distinct conjugacy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-08 Parthajit Bhowal , Peter J. Cameron , Rajat Kanti Nath , Benjamin Sambale

In this work we discuss whether the non-commuting graph of a finite group can determine its nilpotency. More precisely, Abdollahi, Akbari and Maimani conjectured that if $G$ and $H$ are finite groups with isomorphic non-commuting graphs and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Valentina Grazian , Carmine Monetta

Let G be a finite group. Define a relation ~ on the conjugacy classes of G by setting C ~ D if there are representatives c \in C and d \in D such that cd = dc. In the case where G has a normal subgroup H such that G/H is cyclic, two…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2008-10-25 John R. Britnell , Mark Wildon

For a non-abelian group $G$, its commuting conjugacy class graph $\mathcal{CCC}(G)$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is the set of conjugacy classes of the non-central elements of $G$ and two distinct vertices $x^G$ and $y^G$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Parthajit Bhowal , Rajat Kanti Nath
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