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The key challenge in the observation of the redshifted 21-cm signal from cosmic reionization is its separation from the much brighter foreground emission. Such separation relies on the different spectral properties of the two components,…

Neural network (NN) emulators of the global 21 cm signal need emulation error much less than the observational noise in order to be used to perform unbiased Bayesian parameter inference. To this end, we introduce $\texttt{21cmLSTM}$ -- a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-11 J. Dorigo Jones , S. M. Bahauddin , D. Rapetti , J. Mirocha , J. O. Burns

Predictions for the ability of 21-cm interferometric experiments to discriminate Epoch of Reionization (EoR) signal models are typically limited by the simplicity of data models, whereby foreground signals and characteristics of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Ainulnabilah Nasirudin , Steven Murray , Cathryn Trott , Bradley Greig , Ronniy Joseph , Chris Power

The precise measurement of the sky-averaged HI absorption signal between 50 and 200 MHz is the primary goal of global 21-cm cosmology. This measurement has the potential to unravel the underlying physics of cosmic structure formation and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Emma Shen , Dominic Anstey , Marta Spinelli , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Anastasia Fialkov

The 21cm signal of neutral hydrogen contains a wealth of information about the poorly constrained era of cosmological history, the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Recently, AI models trained on EoR simulations have gained significant attention…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Jasper Solt , Jonathan C. Pober , Stephen H. Bach

A number of radio interferometers are currently being planned or constructed to observe 21 cm emission from reionization. Not only will such measurements provide a detailed view of that epoch, but, since the 21 cm emission also traces the…

Radio interferometers designed to probe the 21cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation must contend with systematic effects that make it difficult to achieve sufficient dynamic range to separate the 21cm signal from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-24 Fraser Kennedy , Philip Bull , Michael Wilensky , Jacob Burba , Samir Choudhuri

Radio interferometric experiments aim to constrain the reionization model parameters by measuring the 21-cm signal statistics, primarily the power spectrum. However the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal is highly non-Gaussian, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-04 Himanshu Tiwari , Abinash Kumar Shaw , Suman Majumdar , Mohd Kamran , Madhurima Choudhury

Cross-correlating 21cm and Ly$\alpha$ intensity maps of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) promises to be a powerful tool for exploring the properties of the first galaxies. Next-generation intensity mapping experiments such as the Hydrogen…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-02 Tyler A. Cox , Daniel C. Jacobs , Steven G. Murray

The 21 cm signal from cosmic hydrogen is one of the most propitious probes of the early Universe. The detection of this signal would reveal key information about the first stars, the nature of dark matter, and early structure formation. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-07 Joe H. N. Pattison , Dominic J. Anstey , Eloy de Lera Acedo

We introduce the Evolution of 21-cm Structure (EOS) project: providing periodic, public releases of the latest cosmological 21-cm simulations. 21-cm interferometry is set to revolutionize studies of the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and epoch of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Andrei Mesinger , Bradley Greig , Emanuele Sobacchi

Scientific computer simulations cannot represent all scales in realistic applications. To bridge this model-data gap, parameters are injected into models and constrained with noisy data using Bayesian inversion. To reduce the number of…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-22 Arne Bouillon , Oliver R. A. Dunbar

Three-dimensional radiative transfer simulations of the epoch of reionization can produce realistic results, but are computationally expensive. On the other hand, simulations relying on one-dimensional radiative transfer solutions are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-21 Raghunath Ghara , Garrelt Mellema , Sambit K. Giri , T. Roy Choudhury , Kanan K. Datta , Suman Majumdar

One of the greatest data analysis challenges for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is the need to account for a large number of gravitational wave signals from compact binary systems expected to be present in the data. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Richard Umstätter , Nelson Christensen , Martin Hendry , Renate Meyer , Vimal Simha , John Veitch , Sarah Vigeland , Graham Woan

Deep learning (DL) has been shown to outperform traditional, human-defined summary statistics of the Ly{\alpha} forest in constraining key astrophysical and cosmological parameters owing to its ability to tap into the realm of non-Gaussian…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-24 Parth Nayak , Michael Walther , Daniel Gruen

Power spectrum estimators are an important tool in efforts to detect the 21 cm brightness temperature fluctuations from neutral hydrogen at early times. An initial detection will likely be statistical in nature, meaning that it will not be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-24 Jacob Burba , Philip Bull , Michael J. Wilensky , Fraser Kennedy , Hugh Garsden , Katrine A. Glasscock

The cosmic 21-cm line of hydrogen is expected to be measured in detail by the next generation of radio telescopes. The enormous dataset from future 21-cm surveys will revolutionize our understanding of early cosmic times. We present a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-11 Sudipta Sikder , Rennan Barkana , Itamar Reis , Anastasia Fialkov

Observations of the cosmic 21-cm power spectrum (PS) are starting to enable precision Bayesian inference of galaxy properties and physical cosmology, during the first billion years of our Universe. Here we investigate the impact of common…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 David Prelogović , Andrei Mesinger

The precise form of the foregrounds for sky-averaged measurements of the 21-cm line during and before the epoch of reionization is unknown. We suggest that the level of complexity in the foreground models used to fit global 21-cm data…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-26 Geraint Harker

The process of heating and reionization of the Universe at high redshift links small scale structures/galaxy formation and large scale inter-galactic medium properties. Even if the first one is difficult to observe, an observation window is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-05 Nicolas J. F. Gillet , Dominique Aubert , Florent G. Mertens , Pierre Ocvirk